Vasily Polenov Guide, Meaning , Facts, Information and Description
Polenov Vasily Dmitrievich (20.5 (1.6) .1844, St.Petersburg, - 18.7.1927, mansion Borok, nowadays Polenovo the Tula area) - the Russian painter, member of St.Petersburg Academy of arts (1893), the national artist of RSFSR (1926).He was a son of D.V.Polenov. Vasily Dmitrievich studied under Pavel Chistyakov and in St.Petersburg Academy of arts (1863-71). He was the pensioner of academy of arts in Italy and France. He participated in Serbo-Chernogorsko-Turkish War and Russo-Turkish War as the artist-correspondent. From 1878 he was a member of company of mobile exhibitions or Peredvizhniki and he participated in exhibitions where Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov bought his paintings for his gallery. During his trip abroad he painted a number of pictures in spirit salon academism on themes the West-European history ("The Right of mister", 1874, Tretyakov gallery); at the same time he worked a lot in the open air. From the end of 1870th the big place in Polenov's creativity borrows a landscape. Continuing traditions of a lyrical landscape of A.K. Savrasov and F.A. Vasilyev, Polenov transferred silent poetry, beauty places of Russian nature, related with daily human life. He was the one of the first in Russian painting who achieved Plein air freshness of color, the alive naturalness of motive combined in his products with composite completeness and clearness of figure ("The Moscow court yard ", 1878; "The Grandmother's garden", 1878; "Zarosshy pond", 1879; all - in Tretyakov gallery). Principles developed by Polenov had a great importance for the further development of Russian landscape painting. The etudes shown by Polenov in Middle East and Greece (1881-1882), was as a material to a picture "The Christ and the sinner" (1886-87, Russian museum, St.Petersburg), attempt to resolve a moral problem in spirit of Christian ethics, and in the plan art - to update picturesque system of academism. Continuing further to address to evangelical plots, Polenov more often gave to them genre or landscape painting. Polenov’s landscapes devoted to the native nature, from the middle of 1880th is characterized by increasing of epic sounding, features of monumentalize, original decoratism, a free manner of the painting ("Gold autumn", 1893, Museum-mansion V.D. Polenov, Polenovo). Since 1870th Polenov worked in area theatrical - decorative painting to which he brought a lot of picturesque-shaped methods. From 1873 he decorated performances in the house and later in S.I.Mamontov's Moscow private Russian opera; in 1910-1918 he conducted in Moscow educational activity on the organization of a folk theatre. In 1882-1895 he taught in Moscow school of painting, sculpturing and architecture.
Polenov's pupils were I.I. Levitan, K.A. Korovin, I.S. Ostroukhov, A.E. Arkhipov, A.Y. Golovin, etc. In 1905 Polenov together with Valentin Serov directed to Council of the Academy of arts protest against execution of workers on January, 9.
In mansion Borok (since 1931 - Polenovo, the Tula area) Polenov created an art museum which in 1939 was transferred to gift of the state by Polenov's relatives.
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