Twin towns Guide, Meaning , Facts, Information and Description

Town Twinning was developed in Europe after the Second World War as a way to bring European people into a closer understanding of each other and to promote cross-border projects of mutual benefit. The idea is to pair towns and cities in different countries with the accent upon fostering human contacts. Twin towns often (though by no means always) have similar demographic and other characteristics. While still more popular as a concept in Europe than elsewhere, the idea has now spread to other continents; in North America the expression Sister Cities is used.

Within Europe, town twinning is now supported by the European Union. The support scheme was established in 1989. In 2003 an annual budget of about 12 million euros was allocated to about 1300 projects.

The following list is a starting point for a complete list of twinned towns. Information may not be complete even for the towns that are listed. Where known, the date of formation of the twinning agreement is included in parenthesis. When adding a new twinning to the list, please add it under both of the countries/towns involved.

Table of contents

1 Africa 1.1 Algeria 1.2 Ghana 1.3 Libya 1.4 Morocco 1.5 Mozambique 1.6 Namibia 1.7 Republic of the Congo 1.8 Sierra Leone 1.9 South Africa 1.10 Western Sahara 1.11 Zimbabwe 2 Asia 2.12 Armenia 2.13 Azerbaijan 2.14 China 2.15 Georgia 2.16 India 2.17 Iran 2.18 Israel 2.19 Japan 2.20 Kazakhstan 2.21 Kuwait 2.22 Russia 2.23 South Korea 2.24 Taiwan 2.25 Turkey 3 Australasia 3.26 Australia 3.27 New Zealand 4 Europe 4.28 Albania 4.29 Austria 4.30 Belgium 4.31 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.32 Bulgaria 4.33 Croatia 4.34 Czech Republic 4.35 Denmark 4.36 Estonia 4.37 Faroe Islands 4.38 Finland 4.39 France 4.40 Germany 4.41 Greece 4.42 Greenland 4.43 Hungary 4.44 Iceland 4.45 Ireland (Republic of) 4.46 Italy 4.47 Latvia 4.48 Lithuania 4.49 Luxembourg 4.50 Macedonia 4.51 Moldova 4.52 Netherlands 4.53 Norway 4.54 Poland 4.55 Portugal 4.56 Romania 4.57 Russia 4.58 Serbia and Montenegro 4.59 Slovakia 4.60 Slovenia 4.61 Spain 4.62 Sweden 4.63 Switzerland 4.64 Turkey 4.65 UK 4.65.1 Bedfordshire 4.65.2 Berkshire 4.65.3 Bristol 4.65.4 Cambridgeshire 4.65.5 Cornwall 4.65.6 Derbyshire 4.65.7 Devon 4.65.8 Dorset 4.65.9 East Riding of Yorkshire 4.65.10 Edinburgh 4.65.11 Essex 4.65.12 Glasgow 4.65.13 Gloucestershire 4.65.14 Greater Manchester 4.65.15 Hampshire 4.65.16 Herefordshire 4.65.17 Isle of Wight 4.65.18 Kent 4.65.19 Lancashire 4.65.20 Leicestershire 4.65.21 London 4.65.22 Merseyside 4.65.23 Norfolk 4.65.24 Northamptonshire 4.65.25 Nottinghamshire 4.65.26 Oxfordshire 4.65.27 Shropshire 4.65.28 Somerset 4.65.29 South Lanarkshire 4.65.30 South Yorkshire 4.65.31 Surrey 4.65.32 Warwickshire 4.65.33 West Glamorgan 4.65.34 West Midlands 4.65.35 West Sussex 4.65.36 West Yorkshire 4.66 Ukraine 5 North America 5.67 Barbados 5.68 Canada 5.69 Cuba 5.70 Costa Rica 5.71 Greenland 5.72 Jamaica 5.73 Mexico 5.74 Nicaragua 5.75 USA 6 South America 6.76 Argentina 6.77 Ecuador 6.78 Nicaragua 7 External link

Africa

Algeria

• Béjaïa - Brest, France (2001)
• Constantine - Grenoble, France (1999)

Ghana

Tamale - Louisville, Kentucky, USA (1979)

Libya

• Tripoli - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1976)

Morocco

• El Jadida - Vierzon, France

Mozambique

• Beira - Bristol, UK (1990)

Namibia

• Tsumeb - Chesterfield, UK

Republic of the Congo

• Brazzaville - Dresden, Germany (1975)

Sierra Leone

• Freetown - Hull, UK

South Africa

• Buffalo City - Leiden, the Netherlands
• Cape Town - Nice, France
• Johannesburg - Birmingham, UK

Western Sahara

• Daira de Bojador - San Sebastián, Spain

Zimbabwe

• Harare - Nottingham, UK (1986)

Asia

Armenia

• Djermuk - Saint-Raphaël (Var), France (1994)

Azerbaijan

• Baku - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hezegovina (1972)

China

• Chengdu - Linz, Austria (1983)
• Chongqing - Leicester, UK
• Dalian - Glasgow, UK
• Dongxihu - Vierzon, France
• Guangzhou - Bristol, UK (2001)
• Shanghai - Liverpool, UK
• Wuhan - Duisburg, Germany
• Xuzhou - Bochum, Germany
• Zhenjiang - Mannheim, Germany (2004)

Georgia

• Tbilisi - Innsbruck, Austria; Bristol, UK (1988)

India

• Bhavnagar - Loughborough, UK
• Lucknow - Montréal, Canada (2000 twinning)
• Pune - San Jose, California, USA (1992)
• Rajkot - Leicester, UK

Iran

• Isfahan - Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany (2000)

Israel

• Beer Sheva - Wuppertal, Germany
• Haifa - Aalborg, Denmark (1972)
• Netanya - Nice, France; Bournemouth, UK
• Qiryat Motzkin - Nyíregyháza, Hungary
• Rehovot - Grenoble, France (1984)
• Sderot - Berlin-Zehlendorf, Germany
• Bethlehem - Cologne, Germany (1996)
• Nablus - Lille, France (1998)

Japan

• Chiba - North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (1969 twinning))
• Kamakura - Nice, France
• Kaga - Dundas, Ontario, Canada (1967)*Nayoro (Hokkaido) - Lindsay, Ontario, Canada (1967)
• Nakayama - Temecula, California (1994)
• Niiza - Jyväskylä, Finland (1997)
• Okayama - San Jose, California (1957)
• Setagaya-ku - Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (1970 twinning)
• Seto - Limoges, France
• Wakayama - Richmond, British Columbia, Canada (1972 twinning)
• Yamagata - Kitzbühel, Austria (1963)
• Yuasa - Kerikeri, New Zealand

Kazakhstan

• Almaty - Rennes, France
• Astana - Gdańsk;, Poland; Warsaw, Poland

Kuwait

• Kuwait - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1998)

Russia

see under Europe, below

South Korea

• Gwangyang - Linz, Austria (1991)

Taiwan

• Tainan - San Jose, California, USA (1975)

Turkey

• Bursa - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1979}
• Develi - Vierzon, France
• Istanbul - Berlin, Germany (1988); Cologne, Germany (1997); Sarajevo, Bosnia and Sarajevo (1997}

Australasia

Australia

• Parkes, New South Wales - Coventry, UK (1956)

New Zealand

• Kerikeri - Yuasa, Japan

Europe

Albania

• Tirana - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996)

Austria

• Graz - Coventry, UK (1948); Darmstadt, Germany (1968); Dubrovnik, Croatia; Groningen, Netherlands (1964); Maribor, Slovenia (1987); Montclair, New Jersey, USA (1950); Pécs, Hungary (1989); Trondheim, Norway (1968
• Innsbruck - Kraków, Poland; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1980); Tbilisi, Georgia
• Judenburg - Sherborne, UK
• Kitzbühel - Bad Soden am Taunus, Germany (1984); Greenwich, Connecticut, USA (1961); Rueil-Malmaison, France (1979); Sterzing, Italy (1971); Sun Valley, Idaho, USA (1967); Yamagata, Japan (1963)
• Linz - Chengdu, China (1983); Gwangyang, South Korea (1991); Linz am Rhein, Germany (1987)
• Salzburg - Dresden, Germany (1991)
• Vienna - Warsaw, Poland

Belgium

• Antwerp - Rostock, Germany (1963)
• Arlon - Market Drayton, UK
• Braine-l'Alleud - Basingstoke and Deane, UK (1979
• Comines-Warneton - Hedge End, UK
• Diest - Breda, Netherlands (1963); Dillenburg, Germany (1963); Orange, France (1963)
• Diksmuide - Ellesmere, UK
• Gembloux - Loughborough, UK
• Ghent - Nottingham, UK (1985); Tallinn, Estonia; Wiesbaden, Germany (1969)
• Houffalize - Sherborne, UK
• Liège - Cologne, German (1958); Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
• St Guilain - Christchurch, UK
• Verviers - Bradford, UK

Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Sarajevo - Baku, Azerbaijan (1972); Barcelona, Spain (1996); Budapest, Hungary (1995); Bursa, Turkey (1979); Friedrichshafen, Germany (1972); Innsbruck, Austria (1980); Istanbul, Turkey (1997}; Kuwait, Kuwait (1998); Serre-Chevalier, France (1995); Stockholm, Sweden (1997); Tirana, Albania (1996); Tripoli, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1976); Wolfsburg, Germany (1985)

Bulgaria

• Varna - Aalborg, Denmark (1976)

Croatia

• Dubrovnik - Graz, Austria (1994)

Czech Republic

• Františkovy Lázně - Bad Soden am Taunus, Germany (1992)
• Hradec Králové - Metz, France (2001); Wrocław;, Poland
• Lidice - Coventry, UK (1947)

Denmark

• Aalborg - Edinburgh, UK (1964); Fredrikstad, Norway (1951); Fuglefjord, Faroe Islands (1986); Galway, Ireland (1997); Haifa, Israel (1972); Húsavík, Iceland (1996); Lancaster, UK (1977); Nuuk, Greenland (2002); Rapperswil, Switzerland (1968); Rendsburg, Germany (1967); Riga, Latvia (1989); Solvang, California - Aalborg (1971); Vilnius, Lithuania (1997); Varna, Bulgaria (1976); Wismar, Germany (1961)
• Århus - Rostock, Germany (1964); Swansea, UK
• Esbjerg - Jyväskylä, Finland (1947)
• Helsingør - Gdańsk;, Poland
• Hillerød - Ólafsfjörður, Iceland

Estonia

• Haapsalu - Rendsburg, Germany (1989)
• Tallinn - Ghent, Belgium; Kiel, Germany

Faroe Islands

• Fuglefjord - Aalborg, Denmark (1986)

Finland

• Jyväskylä - Esbjerg, Denmark (1947); Eskilstuna, Sweden (1947); Debrecen, Hungary (1970); Yaroslavl, Russia (1966); Fjardabyggd, Iceland (1958); Niiza, Japan (1997); Potsdam, Germany (1985); Poznań, Poland (1974)
• Lappeenranta - Schwäbisch Hall, Germany (1985)
• Karkkila - Sherborne, UK
• Mänttä - Ronneby, Sweden
• Pori - Eger, Hungary
• Tampere - Miskolc, Hungary
• Turku - Gdańsk;, Poland
• Vaasa - Kiel, Germany

France

also try searching for "jumelage" in the French Wikipedia

• Alençon - - Basingstoke and Deane, UK
• Annonay - Chelmsford, UK
• Aregenteuil - Dessau, Germany (1959)
• Aubergenville - Horndean, UK
• Authie et Carpiquet - North Baddesley, UK
• Avignon - Colchester, UK
• Barentin - Petersfield, UK
• Besançon - Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany (1959); Tver, Russia
• Béziers - Stockport, UK (1972)
• Bordeaux - Bristol, UK (1947); ville de Québec, Canada (1962)
• Bourgoin Jallieu - Luton, UK
• Brest - Béjaïa, Algeria (2001); Cádiz, Spain (1986); Kiel, Germany (1964); Plymouth, UK (1963)
• Bretteville - Sway, UK
• Bricquebec - Alresford, UK
• Chatenay-Malabry - Wellington (Telford), UK
• Combes-la-Ville - Oswestry, UK
• Conteleu - New Milton & District, UK
• Contrexéville - Llandrindod Wells, UK
• Coutances - Ilkley, UK
• Crouay - Braishfield, UK
• Die - Wirksworth, UK
• Dunkirk - Krefeld, Germany (1974); Riga, Latvia (1960); Rostock, Germany (1960)
• Eaubonne - Matlock, UK
• Epinal - Schwäbisch Hall, Germany (1964); Loughborough, UK
• Fismes - Wem, UK
• Fondettes - Naurod, Germany (1975)
• Giat - Baschurch, UK
• Gorron - Hayling Island, UK
• Grenoble - Catania, Italy (1961); Chişinău;, Moldova (1977); Constantine, Algeria (1999); Halle an der Saale, Germany (1976}; Phoenix, Arizona, USA (1990); Rehovot, Israel (1984); Stendal, Germany (1992)
• Harnes, Loanhead, Scotland
• La Chevrolière - Lyndhurst, UK
• La Ferté-Macé - Ludlow, UK
• Laon - Winchester, UK
• Le Havre - Southampton, UK
• Liévin - Hohenlimburg, Germany
• Lille - Cologne, Germany (1958); Nablus, Palestine (1998)
• Marcq-en-Barœul; - Ealing, UK (1991)
• Limoges - Charlotte, North Carolina, USA (1992); Seto, Japan
• Lorient - Ludwigshafen, Germany, (1963); Vigo, Spain
• Lyon - Birmingham, UK
• Manéglise - Swanmore, UK
• Maromme - Oadby and Wigston, UK
• Machecoul - Shifnal, UK
• Marseille - Hamburg, Germany; Gdańsk;, Poland
• Mauves-sur-Loire - Hythe & Dibden, UK
• Melun - Spelthorne, UK (1990)
• Meriadec - Redruth, UK
• Metz - Gloucester, UK; Hradec Králové, Czech Republic (2001); Luxembourg, Luxembourg
• Meuden - Rushmoor, UK
• Montebeliard - Ludwigsburg, Germany
• Montpellier - Louisville, Kentucky, USA (1956)
• Nantes - Seattle, Washington, USA
• Neuchatel-en-Bray - Whitchurch, UK
• Nice - Cape Town, South Africa; Edinburgh, UK; Gdańsk;, Poland; Houston, Texas, USA; Kamakura, Japan; Laval, Canada; Miami, Florida, USA; Netanya, Israel; Nuremberg, Germany; Saint Petersburg, Russia; Yalta, Ukraine
• Orange - Diest, Belgium (1963)
• Paimpol - Romsey, UK
• Paris - Berlin, Germany (1987)
• Pau - Swansea, UK
• Pezenas - Market Drayton, UK
• Pierrefitte-sur-Seine - Braintree, UK; Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
• Plumergat - Redruth, UK
• Poitiers - Northampton, UK
• Poligny - Schopfheim, Germany
• Rennes - Almaty, Kazakhstan; Exeter, UK
• Riorges - Elland, UK
• Roanne - Guadalajara, Spain (1980); Montevarchi, Italy (1988); Nuneaton and Bedworth, UK (1956)
• Roncq - Todmorden, UK
• Roubaix - Bradford, UK
• Rouen - Gdańsk;, Poland Norwich, UK
• Royan - Gosport, UK
• Rueil-Malmaison - Bad Soden am Taunus, Germany (1975), Kitzbühel, Austria (1979), Elmbridge, UK (1966)
• Ryes - Michelmersh & Timsbury, UK
• Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer - Emsworth, UK
• Saint-Bonnet-le-Chateau - Bishops Waltham, UK
• Saint-Étienne - Coventry, UK (1955)
• Saint-Georges-Montcocq - Bransgore, UK
• Saint-Jean-Brevelay - Botley, UK
• Saint-Marcel - Bishop's Castle, UK
• Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives - Ivybridge, UK (1972)
• Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise - Hebden Bridge, UK
• Saint-Raphaël (Var) - Djermuk, Armenia
• Saint-Vigor-le-Grand - Colden Common, UK
• Sauve - Broughton, UK
• Serre-Chevalier - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995)
• Sourdeval - Odiham, UK
• Strasbourg - Boston, USA (1960); Leicester, UK (1960); Stuttgart, Germany (1962); Dresde, Germany (1990); Ramat-Gan, Israël (1991); Jacmel, Haïti (1996); Fès, Morocco; Novgorod, Russia
• Thiers - Bridgnorth, UK
• Troyes - Zielona Góra, Poland
• Val d'Oison - Clanfield, UK
• Vannes - Fareham, UK
• Vierzon - Barcelos, Portugal; Bitterfeld, Germany; Develi, Turkey; Dongxihu, China; El Jadida, Morocco; Hereford, UK
• Vimoutiers - Fordingbridge, UK
• Vitré - Lymington, UK
• Yvetot - Lesmahagow, UK (1975)

Germany

also try searching for "Partnerstädte" in the German Wikipedia

• Aalen - Christchurch, UK
• Aachen - Halifax, England
• Aschaffenburg - Miskolc, Hungary
• Backnang - Chelmsford, England
• Bad Homburg - Exeter, UK (1965)
• Bad Soden am Taunus - Františkovy Lázně, Czech Republic (1992), Kitzbühel, Austria (1984), Rueil-Malmaison, France (1975)
• Bad Vilbel - Glossop, UK
• Battenberg - Romsey, UK
• Bergisch Gladbach - Luton, UK
• Berlin - Istanbul, Turkey (1988); Los Angeles, California, USA (1967); Madrid, Spain (1988); Moscow, Russia (1990); Paris, France (1987); Warsaw, Poland (1991)
• Berlin-Spandau - Nauen, Germany 1988 (at the time in the DDR)
• Berlin-Zehlendorf - Sderot, Israel; Szilvásvárad, Hungary
• Bitterfeld - Vierzon, France
• Bochum - Donetsk, Ukraine (1987); Nordhausen, Germany (1990); Oviedo, Spain (1980); Sheffield, UK (1950); Xuzhou, China (1994)
• Bonn - Oxford, UK (1947)
• Bottrop - Blackpool, UK
• Bramsche - Todmorden, UK
• Bremen - Gdańsk;, Poland (April 12, 1976)
• Cologne - Barcelona, Spain {1984; Bethlehem, Palestine (1996); Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (1958); Istanbul, Germany (1997); Katowice, Poland (1991); Liège, Belgium (1958); Lille, France (1958); Liverpool, UK (1952); Thessaloniki, Greece (1988)
• Cottbus - Grosseto, Italy (1967); Košice;, Slovakia (1978); Nuneaton and Bedworth, UK (1999)
• Darmstadt - Graz, Austria (1968); Liepaja, Latvia (1993); Plock, POland (1988); Saanen, Switzerland (1993); Szeged, Hungary (1990); Trondheim, Norway (1968); Uzhhorod, Ukraine (1992)
• Dessau - Aregenteuil, France (1959)
• Dillenburg - Diest, Belgium (1963)
• Dorsten - Crawley, UK
• Dresden - Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo (1975); Columbus, Ohio, USA (1992); Coventry, UK (1959); Florence, Italy (1971); Rotterdam, Netherlands (1988}; Salzburg, Austria (1991)
• Duisburg - Wuhan, China (April 25, 1986); Portsmouth, UK
• Düsseldorf - Warsaw, Poland; Reading, UK (First link: 1947; Official twinning: 1975)
• Eisenhüttenstadt - Saarlouis, Germany
• Erlangen - Eskilstuna, Sweden (1961)
• Euskirchen - Basingstoke and Deane, UK
• Fellbach - Pécs, Hungary (1986)
• Frankfurt - Birmingham, UK (1966); Lyon, France (1960); Milan, Italy (1971); Guangzhou, China (1988); Budapest, Hungary (1990); Praha, Czech Republic (1990); Granada, Nicaragua (1991); Kraków, Poland (1991)
• Frankfurt-Nieder-Eschbach - Deuil-la-Barre, France (1967)
• Freiburg im Breisgau - Besançon, France (1959); Granada, Spain (1991); Guildford, UK (1979); Isfahan, Iran (2000)
• Friedrichshafen - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1972)
• Gießen - Winchester, UK
• Halle an der Saale - Grenoble, France (1976}
• Hamburg - Saint Petersburg, Russia (1957)
• Hannover - Bristol, UK (1947)
• Heidelberg - Cambridge, UK
• Heilbronn - Stockport, UK (1982)
• Hemmingen - Lesmahagow, UK (1975)
• Hemsbach - Wareham, UK
• Holzwickede - Weymouth, UK
• Iserlohn - Nyíregyháza, Hungary
• Karlsruhe - Krasnodar, Russia
• Kiel - Brest, France (1964); Coventry, UK; Gdynia, Poland; Kaliningrad, Russia; Sovetsk, Russia; Stralsund, Germany; Tallinn, Estonia; Vaasa, Finland
• Kitzingen - Montevarchi, Italy; Prades, Spain
• Kötzting - Sherborne, UK
• Krefeld- Dunkirk, France (1974); Leicester, UK; Leiden, Netherlands
• Kreis_Steinfurt - Ealing, UK
• Langenhagen - Southwark, UK
• Liederbach am Taunus - Verwood, UK
• Lindlar - Shaftesbury, UK
• Linz am Rhein - Linz, Austria (1987)
• Lubbecke - Dorchester, UK
• Lüdenscheid - Brighouse, UK
• Ludwigsburg - Montebeliard, France (1951)
• Ludwigshafen - Lorient, France (1963)
• Mainz - Louisville, Kentucky, USA (1977)
• Mannheim - Bydgoszcz, Poland (1991); Chişinău;, Moldova (1989); Klaipeda, Lithuania, ([2002]]); Zhenjiang, China (2004)
• Marburg - Northampton, UK
• Mönchengladbach - Bradford, UK
• Mosbach - Lymington, UK
• Nauen - Berlin-Spandau, Germany
• Naurod - Fondettes, France (1975)
• Neustrelitz - Schwäbisch Hall, Germany (1988)
• Norderstedt - Oadby and Wigston, UK
• Nordhausen - Bochum, Germany
• Nuremberg - Glasgow, UK; Nice, France; Kraków, Poland
• Oberursel - Rushmoor, UK
• Ochsenfurt - Wimborne, UK
• Passau - Hackensack, New Jersey, USA (1952)
• Potsdam - Jyväskylä, Finland (1985)
• Preetz - Blandford, UK
• Pulheim - Fareham, UK
• Rendsburg - Aalborg, Denmark (1967); Haapsalu, Estonia (1989); Hereford, UK (1950)
• Reutlingen - Aarau, Switzerland (1986); Szolnok, Hungary (1990)
• Rüdersdorf bei Berlin - Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, France
• Rostock - Antwerp, Belgium (1963); Århus, Denmark (1964); Bergen, Norway (1965); Dunkirk, France (1960)
• Rudesheim - Swanage, UK
• Saarlouis - Eisenhüttenstadt, Germany (1982; at the time in the GDR)
• Schopfheim - Poligny, France
• Schrobenhausen - Bridgnorth, UK
• Schwäbisch Hall - Epinal, France (1964); Loughborough, UK (1966); Lappeenranta, Finland (1985); Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany (1988); Zamość, Poland (1989)
• Sindelfingen - Dronfield, UK
• Spandau - Luton, UK
• Stendal - Grenoble, France (1992)
• Stralsund - Kiel, Germany
• Verden - Bagrationovsk, Russia (1966); Górowo Iławeckie;, Poland (1996; Warwick, UK (1990); Zielona Góra, Poland (1993}
• Viersen - Kaniv, Ukraine (1996
• Warendorf - Petersfield, UK
• Warstein - Hebden Bridge, UK
• Westerburg - Daventry, UK
• Wiesbaden - Ghent, Belgium (1969); Montreux, Switzerland (1953); Tunbridge Wells, UK (1989)
• Wismar - Aalborg, Denmark (1961)
• Wolfsburg - Luton, UK; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1985)
• Wuppertal - Beer Sheva, Israel (September 29, 1977)

Greece

• Preveza - Sherborne, UK
• Thessaloniki - Cologne, Germany (1988)

Greenland

(See North American cities)

Hungary

• Budapest - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995)
• Debrecen - Jyväskylä, Finland (1970)
• Eger - Pori, Finland
• Miskolc - Aschaffenburg, Germany; Cleveland, USA; Katowice, Poland; Kosice, Slovakia; Ostrava, Czech Republic; Tampere, Finland, Vologda, Russia
• Nyíregyháza - Iserlohn, Germany; Kajaani, Finland; Presov, Slovakia; Qiryat Motzkin, Israel; Rzeszow, Poland; Satu Mare, Romania; St Albans, United Kingdom; Uzhhorod, Ukraine
• Pécs - Fellbach, Germany; Graz, Austria (1989)
• Szeged - Cambridge, UK; Darmstadt, Germany (1990)
• Szilvásvárad - Berlin-Zehlendorf, Germany
• Szolnok - Reutlingen, Germany (1990)
• Tatabanya - Christchurch, UK

Iceland

• Fjarðabyggð - Jyväskylä, Finland (1958)
• Húsavík - Aalborg, Denmark (1966)
• Ólafsfjörður- Hillerød, Denmark

Ireland (Republic of)

• Bundoran - Sherborne, UK
• Clonmel - Reading, UK (1994)
• Cork - San Francisco, USA (1984)
• Dublin - Liverpool, UK; San Jose, California, USA (1986)
• Galway - Aalborg, Denmark (1997); Bradford, UK (1986)

Italy

• Bellagio - Sherborne, UK
• Catania - Grenoble, France (1961)
• Florence - Dresden, Germany (1971); Edinburgh, UK (1964)
• Grosseto - Cottbus, Germany (1967)
• Milan - Birmingham, UK
• Montevarchi - Kitzingen, Germany; Roanne, France (1988)
• San Gimignano - Sherborne, UK
• San Pietro in Cariano - Ludlow, UK
• Sterzing - Kitzbühel, Austria (1971)
• Terracina - Exeter, UK
• Turin - Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg

Latvia

• Liepaja - Darmstadt, Germany (1993)
• Riga - Aalborg, Denmark (1989); Dunkirk, France (1960); Warsaw, Poland

Lithuania

• Klaipeda - Mannheim, Germany (2002)
• Vilnius - Aalborg, Denmark (1997); Gdańsk;, Poland; Warsaw, Poland

Luxembourg

• Esch-sur-Alzette - Cologne, Germany (1958); Liège, Belgium; Rotterdam, Netherlands; Turin, Italy
• Luxembourg - Metz, France
• Niederanven - Sherborne, UK

Macedonia

• Skopje - Bradford, UK

Moldova

• Chişinău; - Grenoble, France (1977); Mannheim, Germany (1989)

Netherlands

• Breda - Diest, Belgium (1963)
• Gouda - Gloucester, UK (1972)
• Groningen - Graz, Austria (1964)
• Leiden - Oxford, UK; Toruñ, Poland; Juigalpa, Nicaragua; Buffalo City, South Africa; Krefeld, Germany
• Leidschendam-Voorburg, Temecula, California, USA (1993)
• Meerssen - Sherborne, UK
• Rotterdam - Dresden, Germany (1988}; Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Gdańsk;, Poland
• The Hague - Warsaw, Poland
• Zutphen - Shrewsbury, UK

Norway

• Bergen - Rostock, Germany (1965)
• Fredrikstad - Aalborg, Denmark (1951)
• Trondheim - Darmstadt, Germany (1968); Graz, Austria (1968)

Poland

• Bydgoszcz - Mannheim, Germany (1991)
• Chojna - Sherborne, UK
• Gdańsk; - Astana, Kazakhstan; Barcelona, Spain; Bremen, Germany; Cleveland, USA; Helsingør, Denmark; Kaliningrad, Russia; Kalmar, Sweden; Marseille, France; Nice, France; Odessa, Ukraine; Rotterdam, Netherlands; Rouen, France; Sefton, UK; Saint Petersburg, Russia; Turku, Finland; Vilnius, Lithuania
• Górowo Iławeckie; - Verden, Germany (1996)
• Gdynia - Kiel, Germany
• Katowice - Cologne, Germany (1991; Miskolc, Hungary
• Kraków - Innsbruck, Austria; Nuremberg, Germany; Kyiv, Ukraine
• Lublin - Windsor, Ontario, Canada
• Płock; - Darmstadt, Germany (1998)
• Poznań - Jyväskylä, Finland (1974)
• Rzeszów - Nyíregyháza, Hungary
• Warsaw - Astana, Kazakhstan; Berlin, Germany; Coventry, UK (1957); Düsseldorf, Germany; Kyiv, Ukraine; Moscow, Russia; Riga, Latvia; Saint Petersburg, Russia (1997); The Hague, Netherlands; Vienna, Austria; Vilnius, Lithuania; Toronto, Canada
• Bielany - Ealing, UK (2002)
• Toruñ - Leiden, Netherlands
• Wrocław; - Guadalajara, Mexico; Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
• Zamość - Schwäbisch Hall, Germany (1989)
• Zielona Góra - Nitra Slovakia; Troyes, France; Verden, Germany (1993)

Portugal

• Barcelos - Vierzon, France
• Sesimbra - Sherborne, UK
• Porto - Bristol, UK (1984)

Romania

• Alba Iulia - Alcalá de Henares, Spain

Russia

• Bagrationovsk - Verden, Germany (1966)
• Kaliningrad - Gdańsk;, Poland; Kiel, Germany
• Krasnodar - Karlsruhe, Germany
• Moscow - Berlin, Germany (1990); Warsaw, Poland
• Perm - Louisville, Kentucky, USA (1994)
• Rostov on Don - Glasgow, UK
• Saint Petersburg - Gdańsk;, Poland; Hamburg, Germany; Nice, France; Warsaw, Poland (1997)
• Sovetsk - Kiel, Germany
• Tver - Besançon, France
• Vologda - Miskolc, Hungary
• Yaroslavl - Exeter, UK; Jyväskylä, Finland (1966)
• Yekaterinburg - San Jose, California, USA (1992)

Serbia and Montenegro

• Belgrade - Coventry, UK (1957)

Slovakia

• Košice; - Cottbus, Germany (1978)
• Nitra - Zielona Góra, Poland

Slovenia

• Ljubljana - Nottingham, UK
• Maribor - Graz, Austria (1987}

Spain

• Almansa - Lymington, UK
• Alcalá de Henares - Alba Iulia, Romania; Peterborough, UK
• Altea - Sherborne, UK
• Barcelona - Cologne, Barcelona (1984}; Gdańsk;, Poland; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996)
• Cádiz - Brest, France (1986)
• Granada - Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany (1991
• Guadalajara - Roanne, France (1980)
• Madrid - Berlin, Germany (1988)
• Oviedo - Bochum, Germany
• Prades - Kitzingen, Germany
• San Sebastián - Daira de Bojador, Western Sahara
• Vigo - Lorient, France

Sweden

• Eskilstuna - Erlangen, Germany (1961); Luton, UK; Jyväskylä, Finland (1947)
• Kalmar - Gdańsk;, Poland
• Oxelösund - Sherborne, UK
• Ronneby - Mänttä, Finland
• Stockholm - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997)

Switzerland

• Aarau - Reutlingen, Germany (1986)
• Lucerne - Bournemouth, UK
• Montreux - Wiesbaden, Germany (1953)
• Rapperswil - Aalborg, Denmark (1968)
• Saanen - Darmstadt, Germany (1993)

Turkey

see under Asia, above

UK

(Arranged by ceremonial county)

Bedfordshire

• Luton - Bergisch Gladbach, Germany; Bourgoin Jallieu, France; Eskilstuna, Sweden; Spandau, Germany; Wolfsburg, Germany

Berkshire

• Reading - Düsseldorf, Germany (First link: 1947; Official twinning: 1975); Clonmel, Republic of Ireland (1994); San Francisco Libre, Nicaragua (1994); Speightstown, Barbados (January 21, 2003)

Bristol

• Bristol - Hannover, Germany (1947); Bordeaux, France (1947); Porto, Portugal (1984); Tbilisi, Georgia (1988); Puerto Morazan, Nicaragua (1989); Beira, Mozambique (1990); Guangzhou, China (2001).

Cambridgeshire

• Cambridge - Heidelberg, Germany (1957); Szeged, Hungary (1987)
• Peterborough - Alcalá de Henares, Spain

Cornwall

• Redruth - Meriadec, France; Plumergat, France

Derbyshire

• Chesterfield - Tsumeb, Namibia
• Dronfield - Sindelfingen, Germany
• Matlock - Eaubonne, France
• Wirksworth - Die, France
• Whaley Bridge -Tymbark, Poland (1994)

Devon

• Ashburton - Ardmore, Ireland; Cleder, France; Ashburton, New Zealand
• Barnstaple - Barnstable, USA; Trouville, France
• Bideford - Landivisiau, France
• Exeter - Bad Homburg, Germany (1965); Rennes, France; Terracina, Italy; Yaroslavl, Russia
• Hartland - Plozevet, France
• Ivybridge - Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives, France (1972)
• Plymouth - Brest, France (1963); Novorossiysk, Russia; Gdynia, Poland; San Sebastian, Spain
• South Molton - Livarot, France

Dorset

• Blandford - Preetz, Germany
• Bournemouth - Lucerne, Switzerland; Netanya, Israel
• Christchurch - Aalen, Germany; St Guilain, Belgium; Tatabanya, Hungary
• Dorchester - Holbæk, Denmark; Lubbecke, Germany
• Shaftesbury - Lindlar, Germany
• Sherborne - Altea, Spain; Bellagio, Italy; Bundoran, Republic of Ireland; Chojna, Poland; Holstebro, Denmark; Houffalize, Belgium; Judenburg, Austria; Karkkila, Finland; Kötzting, Germany; Meerssen, Holland; Niederanven, Luxembourg; Oxelösund, Sweden; Preveza, Greece; San Gimignano, Italy; Sesimbra, Portugal
• Swanage - Rudesheim, Germany
• Verwood - Liederbach am Taunus, Germany
• Wareham - Hemsbach, Germany
• Weymouth - Holzwickede, Germany
• Wimborne Minster - Ochsenfurt, Germany

East Riding of Yorkshire

• Hull - Freetown, Sierra Leone

Edinburgh

• Edinburgh - Aalborg, Denmark (1964}; Florence, Italy (1964); Nice, France

Essex

• Braintree - Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, France
• Chelmsford - Annonay, France; Backnang, Germany
• Colchester - Avignon, France

Glasgow

• Glasgow - Dalian, China; Havana, Cuba (2002); Nuremberg, Germany; Rostov on Don, Russia

Gloucestershire

• Gloucester - Gouda, Netherlands (1972); Metz, France

Greater Manchester

• Stockport - Béziers, France (1972); Heilbronn, Germany (1982)

Hampshire

• Alresford - Bricquebec, France
• Basingstoke and Deane - Alençon, France; Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (1979; Euskirchen, Germany
• Bishops Waltham - Saint-Bonnet-le-Chateau, France
• Botley - Saint-Jean-Brevelay, France
• Braishfield - Crouay, France
• Bransgore - Saint-Georges-Montcocq, France
• Broughton - Sauve, France
• Clanfield - Val d'Oison, France
• Colden Common - Saint-Vigor-le-Grand, France
• Emsworth - Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer, France
• Fareham - Pulheim, Germany; Vannes, France
• Fordingbridge - Vimoutiers, France
• Gosport - Royan, France
• Hayling Island - Gorron, France
• Hedge End - Comines-Warneton, Belgium
• Horndean - Aubergenville, France
• Hythe & Dibden - Mauves-sur-Loire, France
• Lymington - Almansa, Spain; Mosbach, Germany; Vitré, France
• Lyndhurst - La Chevrolière, France
• Michelmersh & Timsbury - Ryes, France
• New Milton & District - Conteleu, France
• North Baddesley - Authie et Carpiquet, France
• Odiham - Sourdeval, France
• Petersfield - Barentin, France; Warendorf, Germany
• Portsmouth - Duisburg, Germany
• Romsey - Paimpol, France; Battenberg, Germany
• Rushmoor - Meuden, France; Oberursel, Germany
• Southampton - Le Havre, France
• Swanmore - Manéglise, France
• Sway - Bretteville, France
• Winchester - Gießen, Germany; Laon, France

Herefordshire

• Hereford - Vierzon, France

Isle of Wight

• Bembridge - Pledran, Brittany (France)

Kent

• Tunbridge Wells -