Rulers and Heads of State of Egypt Guide, Meaning , Facts, Information and Description
List of Rulers and Heads of State of Egypt
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
| Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ottoman Suzerainty | ||
| Wālīs; (Governors) | ||
| 9 October 1699 to 6 May 1704 | Muhammad ‘Ali Qara Pasha, Wālī | |
| 7 May 1704 to 7 October 1704 | Suleiman Pasha, Wālī | |
| 7 October 1704 to 31 August 1706 | Muhammad Rami Pasha, Wālī | |
| 1 September 1706 to September 1707 | ‘Ali Pasha, Wālī | |
| September 1707 to 28 October 1709 | Hassan Damada Pasha, Wālī | 2nd Term |
| 28 October 1709 to August 1710 | Ibrahim Pasha, Wālī | |
| August 1710 to 30 July 1711 | Khalil Khosej Pasha, Wālī | |
| 30 July 1711 to 30 August 1714 | Wali Pasha, Wālī | |
| 1 September 1714 to 29 June 1717 | Abdi Pasha, Wālī | 1st Term |
| 1 July 1717 to 9 September 1720 | ‘Ali Kiaya Pasha, Wālī | |
| 10 September 1720 to 30 April 1721 | Rajab Pasha, Wālī | |
| 1 May 1721 to 30 September 1725 | Muhammad Nishanji Pasha, Wālī | 1st Term |
| 1 October 1725 to February 1726 | ‘Ali Muraly Pasha, Wālī | |
| February 1726 to 29 September 1727 | Muhammad Nishanji Pasha, Wālī | 2nd Term |
| 30 September 1727 to October 1727 | Abdi Pasha, Wālī | 2nd Term |
| October 1727 to 10 July 1729 | Abu Bakr Pasha, Wālī | 1st Term |
| 11 July 1729 to 30 June 1733 | Abdallah Heupruluzade Pasha, Wālī | |
| 1 July 1733 to 1734 | Muhammad Silahdar Pasha, Wālī | |
| 1737 to 1737 | Uthman, Wālī | |
| 1734 to December 1734 | Abu Bakr Pasha, Wālī | 2nd Term |
| December 1734 to 1741 | ‘Ali Hakimzade Pasha, Wālī | 1st Term |
| 1741 to 3 July 1743 | Yahya Pasha, Wālī | |
| July 1743 to 28 February 1744 | Muhammad Sa‘id Pasha, Wālī | 1st Term |
| 1 March 1744 to 31 August 1748 | Muhammad Ragib Pasha, Wālī | |
| 1 September 1748 to January 1752 | Ahmad Pasha, Wālī | |
| January 1752 to December 1752 | Muhammad Melek Pasha, Wālī | |
| December 1752 to October 1755 | Hassan ash-Sharawi, Wālī | |
| October 1755 to December 1756 | ‘Ali Hakimzade Pasha, Wālī | 2nd Term |
| December 1756 to 29 April 1757 | Sa‘id ad-Din Pasha, Wālī | |
| 30 April 1757 to 1760 | Muhammad Sa‘id Pasha, Wālī | 2nd Term |
| 1760 to December 1762 | Mustafa Bahir Keuse Pasha, Wālī | |
| December 1762 to January 1765 | Ahmad Pasha, Wālī | |
| 1765 to 1766 | Bakr Pasha, Wālī | |
| 1766 to April 1767 | Hamza Silahdar Mahir Pasha, Wālī | |
| April 1767 to April 1767 | Muhammad Melek Pasha, Wālī | 2nd Term |
| April 1767 to 1768 | Muhammad Raquim Pasha, Wālī | |
| 1768 to 1768 | Muhammad Diwitdar Pasha, Wālī | |
| Mamluk Dynasty | ||
| 1768 to 1769 | ‘Ali Bey al-Kabir | |
| 1769 to 13 April 1773 | ‘Ali Bey al-Kabir, Sultan | Self-proclaimed - not recognised by Ottoman Emperor |
| 176? to 1769 | Human Abu Yusuf | Head of Hawwara Arabs and de facto ruler in Upper Egypt |
| 13 April 1773 to 10 June 1775 | Muhammad Bey Abu‘dh Dhahab | |
| 26 June 1775 to August 1777 | Triumvirate:- | |
| Murad Bey, emir al-Hajj, military governor | 1st Term | |
| Ibrahim Bey, Sheikh al-Bulad, civil governor | 1st Term | |
| Yusuf Bey, emir al-Hajj, head of the Mecca Pilgrims | ||
| August 1777 to February 1778 | Isma‘il Bey, Sheikh al-Bulad | 1st Term |
| February 1778 to 1786 | Murad Bey, emir al-Hajj | 2nd Term |
| February 1778 to 1786 | Isma‘il Bey, Sheikh al-Bulad | 2nd Term |
| 17 August 1786 to 1787 | Hasan Kapudan Pasha, Wālī | |
| Mamluk Dynasty | ||
| 1786 to 1790 | Triumvirate:- | |
| Isma‘il Bey, Sheikh al-Bulad | 4th Term | |
| ‘Ali Bey Defterdar | ||
| Hasan Bey, Amir al-Haji | ||
| 1790 to 25 July 1798 | Murad Bey, Amir al-Hajj | 3rd Term |
| Ibrahim Bey, Sheikh al-Bulad | 2nd Term | |
| French Suzerainty | ||
| 25 July 1798 to 22 August 1799 | Napoléon Bonaparte, Military Commander | |
| 22 August 1799 to 14 June 1800 | Jean-Baptiste Kléber, Military Commander | |
| 14 June 1800 to 27 June 1801 | Abdullah Jacques-François de Boussay, baron de Menou | |
| Ottoman Suzerainty | ||
| 27 June 1801 to 10 August 1801 | Nasih Pasha, Wālī | |
| 10 August 1801 to January 1802 | Kucuk Hussein Pasha, Wālī | |
| January 1802 to 3 May 1803 | Khusrau Pasha, Wālī | |
| 3 May 1803 to June 1803 | Taher Pasha, Wālī | |
| June 1803 to July 1803 | Khurshid Pasha, Wālī | 1st Term |
| July 1803 to 31 January 1804 | ‘Ali Pasha Jazairli, Wālī | |
| 31 January 1804 to March 1804 | ..., acting Wālī | |
| March 1804 to 9 July 1805 | Khurshid Pasha, Wālī | 2nd Term |
| 9 July 1805 to 1 September 1848 | Muḩammad ‘Alī Pasha;, Wālī | Hereditary Governor; 1st Term |
| 1 September 1848 to 10 November 1848 | Ibrāhīm Pasha;, Wālī | |
| 10 November 1848 to 2 August 1849 | Muḩammad ‘Alī Pasha;, Wālī | Restored; deposed in senility |
| 2 August 1849 to 13 July 1854 | ‘Abbās Hilmi Pasha;, Wālī | Possibly murdered |
| 13 July 1854 to 18 January 1863 | Muhammad Sa‘īd Pasha;, Wālī | |
| 18 January 1863 to 8 June 1867 | Ismā‘īl Pasha;, Wālī | Becoming Khedive |
| Khedives (Viceroys) | ||
| 8 June 1867 to 26 June 1879 | Ismā‘īl Pasha;, Khedive | Hitherto Wālī; Deposed |
| 26 June 1879 to 7 January 1892 | Muhammad Tawfīq Pasha;, Khedive | |
| 8 January 1892 to 19 December 1914 | ‘Abbās Hilmi Pasha;, Khedive | Deposed by the British |
| British Protectorate of Egypt | ||
| 19 December 1914 to 9 October 1917 | Ḩusayn Kāmil;, Sultan | Granted style of Sultan by Britain |
| 9 October 1917 to 16 March 1922 | Ahmad Fu’ād;, Sultan | Becoming King |
| Maliks (Kings) | ||
| 16 March 1922 to 28 April 1936 | Ahmad Fu’ād;, Malik Misr | Hitherto Sultan |
| 28 April 1936 to 26 July 1952 | Fārūq;, Malik Misr | |
| 28 April 1936 to 29 July 1937 | Prince Muhammad Ali, Chairman of the Council of Regency | |
| 26 July 1952 to 18 June 1953 | Fu’ād II;, Malik Misr | |
| 26 July 1952 to 18 June 1953 | Prince Muhammad Abdul Moneim, Chairman of the Council of Regency | |