Provinces and territories of Canada Guide, Meaning , Facts, Information and Description

Canada consists of ten provinces and three territories. The major difference between a Canadian province and a Canadian territory is that a province is a creation of the Constitution Act, while a territory is created by federal law. Thus, the federal government has more direct control over the territories, while provincial governments have many more competences and rights.

Provinces have a great deal of power relative to the federal government, having a large measure of control over spending on social programs such as medicare, education, employment insurance, and the like. They receive "transfer payments" from the federal government to pay for these, as well as exacting their own taxes.

Provincial and territorial legislatures are unicameral, having no second chamber equivalent to the Canadian Senate. Originally a few provinces did have such bodies, known as legislative councils, but these were subsequently abolished, Quebec's being the last in 1968. In most provinces, the single house of the legislature is known as the Legislative Assembly except in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador, where it is called the House of Assembly, and Quebec where it is called the National Assembly. Ontario has a Legislative Assembly but its members are Members of the Provincial Parliament or MPPs. The legislative assemblies use a procedure similar to that of the Canadian House of Commons. The head of government of each province, called the premier, is generally the head of the party with the most seats. This is also the case in Yukon, but the Northwest Territories and Nunavut have no political parties at the territorial level. The Queen's representative to each province is the lieutenant-governor. Each of the territories has a commissioner in the place of a lieutenant-governor. These terminological differences are summarized below.

Provincial and territorial terminology compared with federal

Provinces of Canada

Canada's ten provinces are listed here with their capitals, and the dates that they joined Confederation:

Territories

There are three territories in Canada. They lie primarily north of 60° latitude North. Many islands in Hudson Bay and in the Arctic Ocean are part of these northern territories, listed here with their capitals and the date they joined the Confederation.

Note: Canada did not acquire any new land to create Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan, or Nunavut. All of these originally formed part of the Northwest Territories.

British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island were separate colonies before joining Canada. Ontario and Quebec were united before Confederation as the Province of Canada.

Manitoba and the Northwest Territories were created in 1870 from Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory. The land of the Northwest Territories at that time was all of current western Canada, except British Columbia and southern Manitoba, and the northern three-quarters of Ontario and Quebec. In 1999 Nunavut was created from the eastern portion of the Northwest Territories. The Yukon Territory lies in the western portion of the north, while Nunavut is in the east.

Nunavut's population is about 85% Inuit, while the population of the Northwest Territories is only about 10% Inuit, 40% First Nations and Métis, and 50% non-aboriginal.

The combined territories are the most sparsely populated region in Canada, with less than 100,000 people spread across an area huge area. They are often referred to as a single region for organizational purposes.

See also

• List of Canadian provinces and territories in order of entering Confederation
• List of Canadian provinces and territories by area
• List of Canadian provinces and territories by population
• List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols
• List of current Canadian premiers
• List of current Canadian lieutenant governors and commissioners
• Provincial creationism
• List of regions of Canada

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