Plant tissue culture Guide, Meaning , Facts, Information and Description

Plant tissue culture is a practice used to propagate cloness of a plant. There are various reasons this may be done, among them: to create exact copies of plants that produce particularly good flowers or fruits, or otherwise desirable traits for some purpose; to quickly produce mature plants; to produce multiples of plants in the absence of seeds or necessary pollinators to produce seeds. Plant tissue culture can also be used to regenerate whole plants from plant cells that have been genetically modified.

Plant tissue culture relies on the fact that all plant cells have the ability to generate a whole plant (totipotency). Single cells (protoplasts), pieces of leaves, roots or whole stems (cuttings) are used in various ways in this process, ranging from simply putting a cutting in a glass of water until it roots, to applying rooting hormones to pieces of a plant and putting them in a growing medium until they form a new plant.

Micropropagation

Micropropagation is type of plant tissue culture where whole plants are regenerated from cells, tissues or organs of a single plant on culture media in vitro.

Uses

Plant tissue culture is used in widely in plant science it also has a number of commercial applications. Applications include:

• Micropropagation using to produce large numbers of identical individuals, micropropogation is widely used in forestry and in floriculture. Micropropagation can lao be used in to conserve rare plant species.
• In plant breeder used tissure culture to screen cells, rather than plants for advantageous characters, e.g herbicide resistance/tolerance.
• Large-scale growth of plant cells in liquid culture in bioreactors as a source of secondary products, like biopharmaceuticals
• To crossing distantly related species by protoplast fusion and regeneration of the novel hybrid .
• For production of dihaploid plants from haploid cultures to achieve homozygous lines more rapidly in breeding programmes, usually by treatemnt with colchicine which causes doubling of the chromosome number.
• As a tissue for transformation, followed by either short-term testing of genetic constructs or regeneration of transgenic plants

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