Penkyamp Guide, Meaning , Facts, Information and Description
Penkyamp (Chinese: 拼音; Yale: ping1 yam1, Jyutping: ping1 jam1) or Cantonese pinyin, is a romanization system for transliterating Cantonese Chinese. It is a joint effort of enthusiasts in Guangzhou with a goal of devicing an alternative script to write Cantonese, replacing the standard Chinese characters plus the Cantonese folk characters. It is an attempt to standardize the language spoken by large number of residents in Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Sydney, Auckland, Vancouver and San Francisco, from the status of a vernacular to that of a literary language.
On the other hand, the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong adopts another Cantonese Romanization called Jyutping, which is not yet popularized among Cantonese-English or English-Cantonese dictionaries. The current most widely accepted system for Cantonese Romanization are Meyer-Wempe and Yale.
Both Penkyamp and Jyutping are attempts to improve from previous systems. The features of Penkyamp includes:
- reflects the vowel system of Cantonese more systematically than Jyutping by recognizing all long-short vowel contrasts,
- whereas Jyutping only recognizes short a and long a.
- indicates long and short vowels using the unique orthographic feature of altering the ending consonant of the shengmu.
- does not have the ambiguous distinction between "oe" and "eu" (as in Jyutping).
- treats the two (not three) front-round vowels using the same silent vowel letter "e", placed before the substantial vowel
- categorizes the other front-round vowel (an underdeveloped one) as a short "o".
- does not use the consonant "j", which is used in traditional Cantonese anglicization as "z" instead of "y" (as in Jyutping).
A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P (q) S T U W Y Z
Shengmus (Consonants aided by International Phonetic Alphabets. In order to see proper display of IPA, you must download a Unicode font)
Vowels:
long
Alphabet
Special AttentionYunmus
Yunmus aided by International Phonetic Symbols
short
diphthongs
Short vowels are those in short yunmus, and long vowels in long yunmus. All short vowels are pronounced with tighter, smaller
enclosure of lips than are their long counterparts.Orthography
Long yunmus followed by consonants:
Short yunmus followed by consonants:
Tones
'''6 tones represented by numerical scales of pitch, "1" being the lowest, "6" the highest"
Either the tone numbers 1-6 or the diacritic marks may be used
Zaw1 Haw2 Dim3, Ho4 Mow2 Dow6
| trad | simp | pinyin | Penkyamp | meaning |
| 北京 | 北京 | Bei3 jing1 | Bak1 genk1 | Beijing |
| 花 | 花 | Hua1 | Fa1 | flower |
| 寫 | 寫 | Xie3 | Se3 | write |
| 字 | 字 | Zi4 | Zi6 | chinese character |
| 我 | 我 | Wo3 | Ngo5 | I, me |
| 湖 | 湖 | Hu2 | Wu4 | lake |
| 靴 | 靴 | Xue1 | Heo1 | boot |
| 柱 | 柱 | Zhu4 | Ceu5 | pillar |
| 吧(?) | 啦(?) | ba4 | lah1 | one of the interjections at the end of a sentence |
| 壞 | 壞 | Huai4 | Wai6 | bad |
| 外 | 外 | Wai4 | Ngoi6 | outside |
| 背 | 背 | Bei4 | Bui3 | back |
| 教 | 教 | Jiao1 | Gau3 | teach |
| 腰 | 腰 | Yao1 | Yiu1 | waist |
| 肺 | 肺 | Fei4 | Fay3 | lung |
| 地 | 地 | Di4 | Dey6 | ground |
| 追 | 追 | Zhui1 | Zoy1 | pursue |
| 狗 | 狗 | Gou3 | Gaw2 | dog |
| 路 | 路 | Lu4 | Low6 | road |
| 鴨 | 鴨 | Ya1 | Ngab3 | duck |
| 殺 | 殺 | Sha1 | Sad3 | kill |
| 百 | 百 | Bai3 | Bag3 | hundred |
| 三 | 三 | San1 | Sam1 | three |
| 慢 | 慢 | Man4 | Man6 | slow |
| 行 | 行 | Xing2 | Hang4 | walk |
| 劇 | 劇 | Ju4 | Keg6 | drama |
| 鏡 | 鏡 | Jing4 | Geng3 | mirror |
| 頁 | 頁 | Ye4 | Yib6 | page |
| 熱 | 熱 | Re4 | Yid6 | hot |
| 劍 | 劍 | Jian4 | Gim3 | sword |
| 線 | 線 | Xian4 | Sin3 | thread |
| 渴 | 渴 | Ke3 | Hod3 | thirst |
| 國 | 國 | Guo2 | Guog3 | state,nation |
| 岸 | 岸 | An4 | Ngon6 | shore |
| 幫 | 幫 | Bang1 | Bong1 | help |
| 活 | 活 | Huo2 | Wud6 | to live |
| 換 | 換 | Huan4 | Wun6 | exchange, replace |
| 急 | 急 | Ji2 | Gap1 | hasty |
| 失 | 失 | Shi1 | Sat1 | lost
|
| 得 | 得 | De2 | Dak1 | gain |
| 心 | 心 | Xin1 | Samp1 | heart |
| 新 | 新 | Xin1 | Sant1 | new |
| 生 | 生 | Sheng1 | Sank1 | student |
| 食 | 食 | Shi2 | Sek6 | to eat |
| 精 | 精 | Jing1 | Zenk1 | essence |
| 出 | 出 | Chu1 | Cot1 | outside |
| 哭 | 哭 | Ku1 | Hok1 | to cry, weep |
| 信 | 信 | Xin4 | Sont3 | to trust |
| 中 | 中 | Zhong1 | Zonk1 | middle |
Cantonese Font:
http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ressources/ti/guide_test_unicode_utf8_B.html
ÀÁAÂÃÄ, ÈÉEÊ(Ẽ)Ë, ÌÍIÎ(Ĩ)Ï, ÒÓOÔÕÖ, ÙÚUÛ(Ũ)Ü;
àáaâãä, èéeê(ẽ)ë, ìíiî(ĩ)ï, òóoôõö, ùúuû(ũ)ü;
From Common Western Font missing: E-tilde I-tilde U-tilde
http://www.xuquang.com/trungdao/unicode.htm
http://www.xuquang.com/trungdao/unicode.htm
"Nanhai Chao" (pinyin for 南海潮, penkyamp Nam4 Hoi2 Ciu4), or "Southern Sea Tides", is a song of the overseas Cantonese. Its melody is based on the folk songs of the boat people in the Pearl River Delta and its adjacent coasts.
Translation:
This is an Article on Penkyamp. Page Contains Information, Facts Details or Explanation Guide About Penkyamp Fonts
Ẽ Ĩ Ũ
ũ ĩ ẽExample of Penkyamp
Penkyamp transliteration: