Organic chemistry Details, Meaning Organic chemistry Article and Explanation Guide

Organic chemistry Guide, Meaning , Facts, Information and Description

Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds.

Table of contents

Organic nomenclature is the system established for naming and grouping organic compounds.

Aliphatic compounds are organic molecules that do not contain aromatic systems.

Aromatic compounds are organic molecules that contain one or more aromatic ring system.

The reason that there are so many carbon compounds is that carbon has the ability to form many carbon chains of different lengths, and rings of different sizes (catenation). Many carbon compounds are extremely sensitive to heat, and generally decompose below 300'C. They tend to be less soluble in water compared to many inorganic salts. In contrast to such salts, they tend to be much more soluble in organic solvents such as ether or alcohol. Organic compounds are covalently bonded.

Crystallography: The most precise method, but not of practical use, since it is very difficult and expensive.
Elemental Analysis: A destructive method used to determine the elemental composition of a molecule.
Infrared spectrometry: Chiefly used to determine the presence (or absence) of certain functional groups.
Mass spectrometry: Used to determine the molecular weight of a compound and the fragmentation pattern.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry

See Analytical chemistry for additional methods.

Organic chemistry as a science is generally agreed to have started in 1828 with Friedrich Woehler's synthesis of the organic, biologically significant compound urea by accidentally evaporating an aqueous solution of ammonium cyanate(NH₄OCN).