Hacek Guide, Meaning , Facts, Information and Description

HACEK organisms are a subgroup of bacteria.

A háček ("ˇ", pronounced /haːʧɛk/), also known as a caron, is a diacritic placed over certain letters to indicate palatalization or jotation in the orthography of some Slavic and Baltic languages. It looks similar to breve, but has a sharp tip, like an inverted circumflex (^), while breve is rounded.

The word háček means "little hook" in Czech. In Slovak it is called mäkčeň (i.e. "softener" or "palatalization mark"), in Slovenian strešica ("little roof").

The use of háček (and the acute) for Latin characters was introduced by Jan Hus in the 15th century into the Czech language and today it is also used by the Slovaks, Slovenians, Croatians, Serbs, Upper Lusatian and Lower Lusatian Sorbs, Lithuanians and Latvians. It is also often used for international transliteration, particularly in Pinyin for Chinese, where it represents a falling-rising tone. Besides the háček and acute (čárka), the Czechs also use kroužek; (ring).

A complete list of Czech and Slovak letters with the háček/caron:

• Č/č (pronounce /ʧ/ — similar to 'ch' in cherry, e.g. Československo which means Czechoslovakia)
• Š/š (pronounce /ʃ/ — similar to 'sh' in she, e.g. in Luboš Motl;)
• Ž/ž (pronounce /ʒ/ — similar to 'G' in Geneve, e.g. žal which means sorrow)
• Ř/ř (only in Czech: pronounce roughly as rz, e.g. Antonín Dvořák;)
• Ď,Ť,Ň/ď,ť,ň (palatals, pronounced /ɟ/, /c/, /ɲ/, slightly different from palatalized consonants as found in Russian): "Ďábel a sťatý kůň" which means "Devil and beheaded horse")
• Ľ,ľ (only in Slovak: pronounce as palatal /ʎ/: "podnikateľ" means "businessman")

Moreover, the vowel "Ě/ě" (only in Czech) indicates (mostly) that the dental consonant in front of this vowel is replaced by a corresponding palatal.

In printed text, the caron combined with some particular letters is reduced to a small line (as in ť ď ľ Ľ). This only rarely happens in handwritten text. Although the small line may look like an apostrophe, that is definitely not the case. Using apostrophe in place of an caron looks very unprofessional though it is quite common on goods produced in foreign countries and imported to Slovakia or the Czech Republic (compare L' Ľ, t' ť, L'ahko Ľahko). Foreigners also sometimes mistake caron for the acute accent (compare Ĺ Ľ, ĺ ľ).

The caron is also used in Chinese pinyin romanization and orthographies of several other tonal languages to indicate the third or "falling-rising" tone. The caron can be placed on top of the following vowels:

• Ǎ/ǎ
• Ě/ě
• Ǐ/ǐ
• Ǒ/ǒ
• Ǔ/ǔ
• Ǚ/ǚ

The characters Ě/ě are a part of the Unicode Latin Extended-A set while the rest are in Latin Extended-B, which often causes an inconsistent appearance.

Hacek can be written in TeX using the sequence \\v . For example č is

 \\v{c}

.

This is an Article on Hacek. Page Contains Information, Facts Details or Explanation Guide About Hacek

	Web www.E-paranoids.com