GRS 80 Guide, Meaning , Facts, Information and Description

Definition

GRS 80, or Geodetic Reference System 1980, is a geodetic reference system consisting of a global reference ellipsoid and a gravity field model.

The reference elllipsoid is defined by its semi-major axis (equatorial radius) and flattening . For GRS80, these are:

; Defining geometrical constants :

Semi-major axis = Equatorial Radius = 6,378,137.0 m,

Reciprocal of flattening 298.257222101.

; Derived geometrical constants :

Semi-minor axis = Polar Radius = 6,356,752.3141 m

mean radius = = 6,371,008.7714 m

radius of a sphere with the same surface = 6,371,007.1810 m

radius of a sphere of the same volume = 6,371,000.7900 m

linear eccentricity = 521,854.0097 m

Polar Radius of Curvature = 6,399,593.6259 m

meridian quadrant = 10,001,965.7293 m

flattening = 0.00335281068118

; Defining physical constants :

Geocentric gravitational constant, including mass of the atmosphere 3986005·10⁸ m³/s²

Dynamical form factor = 108263· 10^-8

Angular velocity of rotation = 7292115·10^-11 s^-1

For a complete definition, four independent constants are required. GRS80 chooses as these and , making the geometical constant a derived quantity.

Additional derived physical constants and geodetic formulas are found in the following reference: Geodetic Reference System 1980, Bulletin Géodésique, Vol 54:3, 1980.

The GRS80 reference system is used by the Global Positioning System, in a realization called WGS 84 (World Geodetic System 1984).

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