Federal subjects of Russia Guide, Meaning , Facts, Information and Description
Russia is a federation which consists of 89 subjects (Russian: субъект(ы); English transliteration: subyekty, sing. subyekt). These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). However, they do differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy. Each subject of the federation belongs to one of the following categories:
- 21 republics (states) (Russian: республики, sing. республика; English transliteration: respubliki, sing. respublika) - nominally autonomous with supposed right to secede, each has its own constitution, president and parliament; is represented by the federal government in international affairs; and is supposedly home to a specific ethnic minority.
- 49 oblasts (provinces) (Russian: области, sing. область; English transliteration: oblasti, sing. oblast) - most common, regular administrative units with federally appointed governor and locally elected legislature.
- 6 krais (territories) (Russian: края, sing. край; English transliteration: kraya, sing. krai or kray, the latter being more grammatically correct, but less common) - similar to oblasts but usually more peripheral and less populated.
- 1 autonomous oblast (Russian: автономная область; English transliteration: avtonomnaya oblast).
- 10 autonomous districts (Russian: автономные округа, sing. автономный округ; English transliteration: avtonomnyye okruga, sing. avtonomny okrug) - more autonomous than oblasts but less than republics; usually with substantial or predominant ethnic minority.
- 2 federal cities (city states)(Russian: федеральные города, sing. федеральный город; English transliteration: federalnyye goroda, sing. federalny gorod) - major cities that function as separate regions.
| No. | Abbr. | Subject of the federation | Capital city | Federal district | Economic region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republics - республики - respubliki | |||||
| 01 | AD | Adygeya (Адыгея) | Maykop (Майкоп) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 02 | BA | Bashkortostan (Башкортостан) | Ufa (Уфа) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals |
| 03 | BU | Buryatia (Бурятия) | Ulan-Ude (Улан-Удэ) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 04 | AL | Altai Republic (Алтай) | Gorno-Altaysk (Горно-Алтайск) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 05 | DA | Dagestan (Дагестан) | Makhachkala (Махачкала) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 06 | IN | Ingushetia (Ингушская) | Magas (Магас) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 07 | KB | Kabardino-Balkaria (Кабардино-Балкарская) | Nalchik (Нальчик) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 08 | KL | Kalmykia (Калмыкия) | Elista (Элиста) | Southern | Povolzhye |
| 09 | KC | Karachay-Cherkessia (Карачаево-Черкесская) | Cherkessk (Черкесск) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 10 | KR | Karelia (Карелия) | Petrozavodsk (Петрозаводск) | Northwestern | North |
| 11 | KO | Komi (Коми) | Syktyvkar (Сыктывкар) | Northwestern | North |
| 12 | ME | Mari El (Марий-Эл) | Yoshkar-Ola (Йошкар-Ола) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka |
| 13 | MO | Mordovia (Мордовия) | Saransk (Саранск) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka |
| 14 | SA | Sakha (Yakutia) (Саха (Якутия)) | Yakutsk (Якутск) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 15 | SE | North Ossetia (Alania) (Северная Осетия) | Vladikavkaz (Владикавказ) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 16 | TA | Tatarstan (Татарстан) | Kazan (Казань; Tatar: Qazan) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhye |
| 17 | TY | Tuva (Тува) | Kyzyl (Кызыл) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 18 | UD | Udmurtia (Удмуртская) | Izhevsk (Ижевск) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals |
| 19 | KK | Khakassia (Хакасия) | Abakan (Абакан) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 20 | CE | Chechnya (Чеченская) | Grozny (Грозный) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 21 | CU | Chuvashia (Чувашская (Чаваш)) | Cheboksary (Чебоксары) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka |
| Territories - края - kraya | |||||
| 22 | ALT | Altai Krai (Алтайский) | Barnaul (Барнаул) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 23 | KDA | Krasnodar (Краснодарский) | Krasnodar (Краснодар) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 24 | KYA | Krasnoyarsk (Красноярский) | Krasnoyarsk (Красноярск) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 25 | PRI | Primorsky (Приморский) | Vladivostok (Владивосток) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 26 | STA | Stavropol (Ставропольский) | Stavropol (Ставрополь) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 27 | KHA | Khabarovsk (Хабаровский) | Khabarovsk (Хабаровск) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| Provinces - области - oblasti | |||||
| 28 | AMU | Amur (Амурская) | Blagoveshchensk (Благовещенск) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 29 | ARK | Arkhangelsk (Архангельская) | Arkhangelsk (Архангельск) | Northwestern | North |
| 30 | AST | Astrakhan (Астраханская) | Astrakhan (Астрахань) | Southern | Povolzhye |
| 31 | BEL | Belgorod (Белгородская) | Belgorod (Белгород) | Central | Central-Chernozem |
| 32 | BRY | Bryansk (Брянская) | Bryansk (Брянск) | Central | Central |
| 33 | VLA | Vladimir (Владимирская) | Vladimir (Владимир) | Central | Central |
| 34 | VGG | Volgograd (Волгоградская) | Volgograd (Волгоград) | Southern | Povolzhye |
| 35 | VLG | Vologda (Вологодская) | Vologda (Вологда) | Northwestern | North |
| 36 | VOR | Voronezh (Воронежская) | Voronezh (Воронеж) | Central | Central-Chernozem |
| 37 | IVA | Ivanovo (Ивановская) | Ivanovo (Иваново) | Central | Central |
| 38 | IRK | Irkutsk (Иркутская) | Irkutsk (Иркутск) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 39 | KGD | Kaliningrad (Калининградская) | Kaliningrad (Калининград) | Northwestern | Northwest |
| 40 | KLU | Kaluga (Калужская) | Kaluga (Калуга) | Central | Central |
| 41 | KAM | Kamchatka (Камчатская) | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Петропавловск-Камчатский) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 42 | KEM | Kemerovo (Кемеровская) | Kemerovo (Кемерово) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 43 | KIR | Kirov (Кировская) | Kirov (Киров) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka |
| 44 | KOS | Kostroma (Костромская) | Kostroma (Кострома) | Central | Central |
| 45 | KGN | Kurgan (Курганская) | Kurgan (Курган) | Urals | Urals |
| 46 | KRS | Kursk (Курская) | Kursk (Курск) | Central | Central-Chernozem |
| 47 | LEN | Leningrad (Ленинградская) | St. Petersburg (Санкт-Петербург) | Northwestern | Northwest |
| 48 | LIP | Lipetsk (Липецкая) | Lipetsk (Липецк) | Central | Central-Chernozem |
| 49 | MAG | Magadan (Магаданская) | Magadan (Магадан) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 50 | MOS | Moscow (Московская) | Moscow (Москва) | Central | Central |
| 51 | MUR | Murmansk (Мурманская) | Murmansk (Мурманск) | Northwestern | North |
| 52 | NIZ | Nizhny Novgorod (Нижегородская) | Nizhny Novgorod (Нижний Новгород) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka |
| 53 | NGR | Novgorod (Новгородская) | Novgorod (Новгород) | Northwestern | Northwest |
| 54 | NVS | Novosibirsk (Новосибирская) | Novosibirsk (Новосибирск) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 55 | OMS | Omsk (Омская) | Omsk (Омск) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 56 | ORE | Orenburg (Оренбургская) | Orenburg (Оренбург) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals |
| 57 | ORL | Oryol (Орловская) | Oryol (Орёл) | Central | Central |
| 58 | PNZ | Penza (Пензенская) | Penza (Пенза) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhye |
| 59 | PER | Perm (Пермская) | Perm (Пермь) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals |
| 60 | PSK | Pskov (Псковская) | Pskov (Псков) | Northwestern | Northwest |
| 61 | ROS | Rostov (Ростовская) | Rostov-na-Donu (Ростов) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 62 | RYA | Ryazan (Рязанская) | Ryazan (Рязань) | Central | Central |
| 63 | SAM | Samara (Самарская) | Samara, Russia (Самара) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhye |
| 64 | SAR | Saratov (Саратовская) | Saratov (Саратов) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhye |
| 65 | SAK | Sakhalin (Сахалинская) | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Южно-Сахалинск) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 66 | SVE | Sverdlovsk (Свердловская) | Yekaterinburg (Екатеринбург) | Urals | Urals |
| 67 | SMO | Smolensk (Смоленская) | Smolensk (Смоленск) | Central | Central |
| 68 | TAM | Tambov (Тамбовская) | Tambov (Тамбов) | Central | Central-Chernozem |
| 69 | TVE | Tver (Тверская) | Tver (Тверь) | Central | Central |
| 70 | TOM | Tomsk (Томская) | Tomsk (Томск) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 71 | TUL | Tula (Тульская) | Tula (Тула) | Central | Central |
| 72 | TYU | Tyumen (Тюменская) | Tyumen (Тюмень) | Urals | West Siberia |
| 73 | ULY | Ulyanovsk (Ульяновская) | Ulyanovsk (Ульяновск) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhye |
| 74 | CHE | Chelyabinsk (Челябинская) | Chelyabinsk (Челябинск) | Urals | Urals |
| 75 | CHI | Chita (Читинская) | Chita (Чита) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 76 | YAR | Yaroslavl (Ярославская) | Yaroslavl (Ярославль) | Central | Central |
| Federal cities - федеральные города - federalnyye goroda | |||||
| 77 | MOW | Moscow (Москва) | Central | Central | |
| 78 | SPE | St. Petersburg (Санкт-Петербург) | Northwestern | Northwest | |
| Autonomous oblast - автономная область - avtonomnaya oblast | |||||
| 79 | YEV | Jewish (Еврейская) | Birobidzhan (Биробиджан) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| Autonomous districts - автономные округа - avtonomnyye okruga | |||||
| 80 | AGB | Aga Buryatia (Агинский-Бурятский) | Aginskoye (Агинское) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 81 | KOP | Permyakia (Коми-Пермяцкий) | Kudymkar (Кудымкар) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals |
| 82 | KOR | Koryakia (Корякский) | Palana (Палана) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 83 | NEN | Nenetsia (Ненецкий) | Naryan-Mar (Нарьян-Мар) | Northwestern | North |
| 84 | TAY | Taymyria (Таймырский (Долгано-Ненецкий)) | Dudinka (Дудинка) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 85 | UOB | Ust-Orda Buryatia (Усть-Ордынский Бурятский) | Ust-Ordynsky (Усть-Ордынский) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 86 | KHM | Khantia-Mansia (Ханты-Мансийский) | Khanty-Mansiysk (Ханты-Мансийск) | Urals | West Siberia |
| 87 | CHU | Chukotka (Чукотский) | Anadyr (Анадырь) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 88 | EVE | Evenkia (Эвенкийский) | Tura (Тура) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 89 | YAN | Yamalia (Ямало-Ненецкий) | Salekhard (Салехард) | Urals | West Siberia |
According to the governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai Aleksandr Khloponin, on April 17, 2005, a regional referendum is scheduled to take place, which will decide whether Evenkia, Taymyria and Krasnoyarsk Krai should merge and form a new federal subject of Russia. If the merger takes place, a new federal subject may appear on the map of the Russian Federation on January 1, 2007.
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