Constitutive equation Guide, Meaning , Facts, Information and Description

In physics, a constitutive equation is a relation between two physical quantities (often tensors) that is specific to a material or substance, and does not follow directly from physical law. It is combined with other equations that do represent physical laws to solve some physical problem, like the flow of a fluid in a pipe, or the response of a crystal to an electric field. Some constitutive equations are simply phenomenological; others are derived from first principles. A constitutive equation frequently has a parameter taken to be a constant of proportionality in ideal systems.

Examples

• Friction

• Drag equation

• Electric susceptibility (Permittivity)

• Magnetic susceptibility (Permeability (electromagnetism))

• Linear elasticity (Hooke's law)

or

and in tensor form,

or, equivalently,

• Ohm's law

or

• Newtonian fluid mechanics:

• Heat capacity

• Thermal conductivity

• Diffusion (Fick's law)

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