Common phrases in various languages Details, Meaning Common phrases in various languages Article and Explanation Guide

Common phrases in various languages Guide, Meaning , Facts, Information and Description

Here is a list of common phrases in different languages.

It is possible for tourists in a country whose language they do not understand to get along with a surprisingly short list of phrases, combined with pointing, miming, and writing down numbers on paper.

You are invited to add more languages to the list. Please use the minimum number of words that would be understandable and put the pronunciation in slashes according to IPA transcription if possible. If desired, also add a pseudo-English pronunciation guide for those not familiar with SAMPA or IPA. However, actual pronunciations of the pseudo-English spellings will vary from speaker to speaker. Enclose the "spelling guide" in parentheses, separate syllables with dashes, use English words that sound like the syllables if possible, and render the stressed syllable in ALL CAPS.

The language family of every language is listed in parentheses.

Table of contents

1 Examples

1.1 English (Germanic)
1.2 Afrikaans (Germanic)
1.3 Albanian (Albanian)
1.4 Arabic (Semitic)
1.5 Basque
1.6 Belarusian (Slavic)
1.7 Bosnian (Slavic)
1.8 Breton (Celtic)
1.9 Bulgarian (Slavic)
1.10 Catalan (Romance)
1.11 Chinese, Mandarin (Chinese)
1.12 Croatian (Slavic)
1.13 Czech (Slavic)
1.14 Danish (Germanic)
1.15 Dutch (Germanic)
1.16 Esperanto (International)
1.17 Estonian (Finno-Ugric)
1.18 Finnish (Finno-Ugric)
1.19 French (Romance)
1.20 Frisian (Germanic)
1.21 German (Germanic)
1.22 Greek (Greek)
1.23 Hawaiian (Malayo-Polynesian)
1.24 Hebrew (Semitic)
1.25 Urdu/Hindi (Indo-Iranian)
1.26 Hungarian (Finno-Ugric)
1.27 Icelandic (Germanic)
1.28 Indonesian (Malayo-Polynesian)
1.29 Irish (Celtic)
1.30 Italian (Romance)
1.31 Japanese
1.32 Kannada (Dravidian)
1.33 Klingon (Constructed)
1.34 Korean
1.35 Latin (Italic)
1.36 Lithuanian (Baltic)
1.37 Low Saxon (Germanic)
1.38 Maltese (Semitic)

2 Usage notes

2.70 General

3 Related articles
4 External links

Examples

English (Germanic)

As a sample, here's English, according to British Received Pronunciation, followed by American English/Standard American English, if different:

translation	phrase	IPA
English:	English	/ˈɪŋˌglɪʃ/
hello:	hello	UK /hɛˌˈləʊ/ US /hɛˌˈloʊ/
good-bye:	good-bye	/gʊdˌˈbaɪ/
please:	please	/pliːz/
thank you:	thank you	/ˈθæŋk juː/
sorry:	sorry	UK /ˈsɒɹi/ US /ˈsɔːɹi/
that one:	that one	/ˈðæt wʌn/
how much?:	how much	/haʊ ˈmʌʧ/
yes:	yes	/jɛs/
no:	no	UK /nəu/ US /noʊ/
I don't understand:	I don't understand	UK /aɪ ˈdəʊnt ʌnˌdəˌˈstænd/ US /aɪ ˈdoʊnt ʌnˌdɚˌˈstænd/
Where's the bathroom?:	Where's the bathroom	UK /wɛəz ðə ˈbɑːθˌɹʊm/ US /wɛɹz ðə bæθˌɹum/
generic toast:	bottoms up!	UK /bɒtˌəmz ˈʌp/ US /bɑːˌɾəmz ˈʌp/
Do you speak English?:	Do you speak English?	/duː juː spiːk ˈɪŋglɪʃ/

Afrikaans (Germanic)

translation	phrase	IPA
Afrikaans:	Afrikaans	/aːfrɪkaːns/
hello:	hallo	/hɑloˌ/
How are you?	hoe gaan dit?	/huˌ xaˌn dɪt/
good day:	goeie dag	/xuˌjə dɑx/
good morning:	goeie more	/xuˌjə mɔˌrə/
good-bye:	totsiens	/tɔʦiˌns/
please:	asseblief	/ɑsəbliˌf/
thank you:	dankie	/dɑŋkiˌ/
sorry:	dit spyt my	/dɪt spejt mej/
that one:	daardie	/diˌ/
how much?:	hoeveel	/huˌfeˌl/
yes:	ja	/jaˌ/
no:	nee	/neˌ/
I don't understand:	ek verstaan nie	/ɛk fərstaˌn niˌ/
Where's the bathroom?:	waar is die toilet	/βaˌr ɪs diˌ tojlɪt/
generic toast:	gesondheid!	/xəsɔntejt/
English:	Engels	/ɛŋgəls/

Albanian (Albanian)

Albanian: shqip /ʃkʲip/ (shkEEp) ()
hello: tungjatjeta (abrev. tung) /tungʲatjɛta/ (tUhn-ngIAt-IEta) ()
good-bye: mirupafshim /mirupafʃim/ (mEEr-Uh-oA-fshEEm) ()
please: ju lutem /ju lutɛm/ (iU LU-tehm) ()
thank you: faleminderit /faʟɛmindɛrit/ (fAh-leh-mEE-nde-rEEt) ()
that one: atë /atə/ (ATEH) ()
how much? sa është? /sa əʃtə/ (sAh ush-te) ()
English: anglisht /angliʃt/ (ahn-GLEE-sht) ()
yes: po /po/ (POE) ()
no: jo /jo/ (IOH) ()
sorry: më fal /mə fal/ (mUh FAL) ()
I don't understand: nuk kuptoj /nuk kuptoj/ (nUhk KUP-toi) ()
where's the bathroom?: ku është banjoja? /ku əʃtə baɲoja/ (kuh ush-tEh bA-nio-jA) ()
generic toast: gëzuar /gəzuar/ (gUh-zuh-ar) ()
Do you speak English?: flisni Anglisht? /flisni angliʃt/ (flee-snEE ahn-GLEE-sht) ()

Note: All the sounds above are in the Ogg Vorbis format.

Arabic (Semitic)

Note that this is relevant only to Modern Standard Arabic and not to the colloquial forms of Arabic spoken in daily life, which vary from place to place. Also, some of the following expressions were written only to suit a male speaker.

Pronunciation guide: Stress in Arabic is most often on the penult syllable (i.e. one preceding the last).

Arabic: العربيّة /alʔaraˈbiːjja/ (ahl-ah-rah-bee-yyah)
hello: مرحبًا /marħaba/ (mar-hhah-bah)
good-bye: إلى اللّقاء /ilalliˈqa/ (ila-lliqah)
please: من فضلك
thank you: شكرًا /ʃukran/ (shoe cran)
that one: ذلك
how much?: كمّ؟ /kam/ (cam)
English: الإنجليزيّة /alʔinʒliːˈzijja/ (formal), /alʔinʤliːˈzijja/ (formal), /alʔingliːˈzijja/ (colloquial) (ahl-in-glee-zee-yyah)
yes: نعم /naʕam/ (nah-ahm)
no: لا /laː/ (laah)
Where's the bathroom?: أين الحمّام؟ /ʔajnalħammaːm/ (ah-ee-nahl-hham-maahm)
What is your name?: ما إسمك؟ /ˈmaː ʔismuk/
Goodbye: مع السلام. /maʕa ssaˈlaːma/
I don't know: لا أعرف. /la: ˈʔaːrifu/
I don't understand: لا أفهم. /laː ˈʔafħam/
I don't remember: لا أتذكر. /laː ʔataˈðakkar/
Welcome: أهلاً وسهلاً بكم /ahlan waˈsahlan bikum/
I am sick: أنا مريض. /ʔanaː maˈriːdˁ/
Hello: لسلام عليكم! /assalaam alajkum/
Hello (response), how are you?: وعليكم السلام! كيف الحال؟ /waʕalajkumu ssalaːm. kajfa lħaːl/
Fine, and you?: بخير، الحمد لله. وكيف أنت؟ /bixajrin, alħamdu lilˁlˁahi. wakajfa ʔant/

Basque

translation	phrase	IPA
Basque:	Euskara	/ewskaɾa/
hello:	kaixo	/kajʃ̺o/
good-bye:	agur	/aguɾ/
please:	mesedez	/mesedes̺/
thank you:	eskerrik asko	/eskerikasko/
that one:	hori	/hoɾi/
how much?:	zenbat	/s̺enbat/
yes:	bai	/baj/
no:	ez	/es̺/
English:	Ingelesa	/ingelesa/

Belarusian (Slavic)

Belarusian: Беларускі (bye-lah-ROOH-skee)
hello: прывітанне (pree-vee-TAHN-nye)
good-bye: да пабачэння (duh puh-buh-CHEN-nyuh)
please: калі ласка (kuh-LEE LUS-kuh)
thank you: дзякуй (DZYUH-kooy)
sorry: выбачайце (vee-buh-CHUY-tsye)
that one: той, тая, тое (TOY, TUY-uh, TOY-eh)
how much?: колькі? (KOL-kee)
yes: так (TUHK)
no: не (NYE)
I don't understand: Не разумею (nye ruh-zoo-MEY-ooh)
where's the bathroom?: дзе туалет? (dzye too-uh-LET)
generic toast: за здароуе (zuh zduh-ROW-yeh)
Do you speak English?: Ці размауляеце па-англійску? (tsee ruz-muw-LYUY-et-eh puh un-GlEEY-skoo)

Bosnian (Slavic)

Bosnian: bosanski
hello: merhaba, selam
good-bye: alahimanet
please: molim
thank you: hvala
sorry: oprostite
that one: to, taj
how much: koliko?
English: engleski
yes: da
no: ne
I don't understand: ne razumijem
Where is the bathroom: Gdje je WC?
generic toast: na zdravlje (to our health)
Do you speak English: Govorite li engleski?

Breton (Celtic)

translation	phrase	IPA
Breton:	Breton	/"bʁetɔ̃n/
hello:	salud	/"saːlyt/
good-bye:	kenavo	/kenaˈvoː/
please:	mar plij	/maʁ pliʃ/
thank you:	trugarez	/tʁyˈgaːʁɛs/
sorry:	digarez	/diˈgaʁɛs/
that one:	hennezh	/ˈennɛs/
how much?:	pegement	/peˈgemɛn/
yes:	ya	/ja/
no:	nann	/nãn/
I don't understand:	Ne gomprenan ket	/ne gɔ̃mpʁenãn ket/
Where's the bathroom?:	Pelec'h emañ ar sal dour ?	/peˈlɛx ema aʁ zal duʁ/
generic toast:	yec'hed mat !	/jehɛt mat/
Do you speak English?:	Kaozeal a rit saozneg?	/kozeal a ʁit saoznɛk/

Bulgarian (Slavic)

здравей (zdravei) - hello
здрасти (zdrasti) - hello (informal)
Добро утро (dobro utro) - good morning
Добър ден (dober den) - good day
Добър вечер (dober vecher) - good evening
Лека нощ (leka nosht) - good night
Довиждане (dovijdane) - good bye
Как си (kak si) - how are you
Добре съм (dobre sum) - I'm fine
Къде е тоалетната? (k'deh e twaletnata?) - Where is the toilet?
Всичко най-хубаво (vsichko nai-hubavo) - all the best
Поздрави (pozdravi) - regards
Благодаря (blagodaria) - thank you
Честит рожден ден! (chestit rojden den) - happy birthday
Български език (balgarski ezik) - bulgarian language
да (da) - yes
не (ne) - no
разбира се (razbira se) - of course
Влезте, моля! (vlezte molya) - Please, enter! (formal [2p. plural])
Влез! (vlez) - Enter! (informal [2p. singular])

Catalan (Romance)

translation	phrase	IPA
Catalan:	Català	/kətəˈlɑ/
hello:	hola	/ˈɔlə/
good-bye:	adéu	/əˈðɛw/
please:	si us plau	/sisˈplɑw/
thank you:	gràcies; mercès	/ˈgrɑsjəs/; /mərˈsɛs/
sorry:	perdó	/pərˈðɔ/
that one:	aquest (m.); aquesta (f.)	/əˈkɛt/; /əˈkɛstə/
how much?:	quant val; quant es	/ˈkwɑmˈbɑl/; /ˈkwɑnˈtəs/
yes:	sí	/ˈsɪ/
no:	no	/ˈno/
I don't understand:	No ho entenc	/ˈno wənˈteŋ/
Where's the bathroom?:	On és el bany?; on es el labavo?	/ˈonˈezəlˈβaɲ/; /ˈonˈɛzəlˈləˈβɑβu/
generic toast:	Salut!	/səˈlut/
Do you speak English?:	Que parla anglès?	/kə ˈpɑrlə ənˈglɛs/
Do you speak Catalan?:	Que parla català?	/kə ˈpɑrlə kətəˈlɑ/

Chinese, Mandarin (Chinese)

Note: tone 1 (e.g. mā) is high and level; 2 (e.g., má) is rising; 3 (e.g., mǎ ) is dipping; 4 (e.g., mà) is falling. For more info, see pinyin. Also note that the first set of characters preceding the slashes are in simplified Chinese characters and the ones following the slashes are in traditional characters.

Mandarin Chinese: 普通话 / 普通話 (pǔtōnghuà) /pʰù tʰʊ̋ŋ xwɑ̂/ (poo-toong-hwa) or 国语 / 國語 (guóyǔ) /kwɔ̌ jỳ/ (gwo yoo)

(Usage Note: The first term is used in mainland China, while the second term is used on Taiwan.)

hello: 你好 / 你好 (ní hǎo) /nǐ xàw/ (knee-how)
good-bye: 再见 / 再見 (zàijiàn) /tsâj ʨjɛ̂n/ (dzai-jyen)
please: 请 / 請 (qǐng) /ʨʰìŋ/ (cheeng)
thank you: 谢谢 / 謝謝 (xièxie) /ɕjɛ̂-ɕjɛ̂/ (shyeh-shyeh)
that one: 那个 / 那個 (nèige) /nêj gə/ (nay guh)

(Usage Note: The second syllable of "nèige" is actually a generic measure word; it is replaced by the appropriate measure word for the noun it refers to. You may therefore hear a number of different syllables after the initial nèi. In many parts of southern China, nèi is also pronounced nà.)

how much?: 多少 / 多少 (duōshǎo) /dwɔ̋ ʂàw/ (dwo shahw)
English: 英文 / 英文 (Yīngwén) /jɪ̋ŋ wə̌n/ (ing one)
yes: 是 / 是 (shì) /ʂɻ̂/ (sher as in sherpa)

(Usage Note: This actually means "it is" and can only be used in an answer to a question with the verb "to be". Languages like Chinese, Irish, Toki Pona, and Welsh do not have words for "yes" or "no". Instead you repeat the main verb of the question in your answer. However, shaking your head in affirmation or negation works as expected, with the exception of answers to negative questions, in which usage is inverted: ie, answering in the negative to "You don't like him?" would indicate that you do like him.)

no: 不 / 不 (bù) /pǔ/ (boo)
where's the bathroom?: 厕所在那里 / 廁所在哪裏 (cèsuǒ zài nálǐ?) /tsʰɤ̂ swɔ̀ tsâj nɑ̌ lì/ (tsuh swo dzai nah lee?) -- Not the politest, but you'll get your point across!
generic toast: 干杯 / 乾杯 (gān bēi) /ka̋n pe̋j/ (gahn bay)

Croatian (Slavic)

Croatian: hrvatski
hello: bog (bok), dobar dan
good-bye: doviđenja
please: molim
thank you: hvala
that one: to, taj
how much: koliko?
English: engleski
yes: da
no: ne
generic toast: u zdravlje (to your health), živjeli ([may you] live)
I don't understand: Ne razumijem
Where is the bathroom: Gdje je WC?
Do you speak English: Govorite li engleski?

Czech (Slavic)

Czech: Česky (CHEHskee) /ʧɛski/
hello: dobry' den (DObree den) /dobri dɛn/ Literal translation: good day
good-bye: na shledanou (nas KHLEdanow) /nas xlɛdano/
please: prosím (PROseem)
thank you: děkuji vam (DYEkooyi vam)
that one: tam ten (tam ten)
how much?: kolik (KOlik)
English: anglicky (anglyscy)
yes: ano /ɑno/
no: ne /ne/
generic toast: Na zdraví //

Danish (Germanic)

Danish: dansk /dansk/
hello: hej /hi/
good-bye: farvel /fah-vel/
please: ¹ (Be understood. A matter of course, if not Vær venlig)

(Usage Note: No word directly corresponds to the word "please". Danish and Finnish express the concept of politeness in a request in various ways.)

thank you: tak /tack/
that one: denne /DEN-neh/
how much?: hvor meget? /vo MY-it/
English: engelsk /ENG-uhlsk/
yes: ja /ya/
no: nej /nigh/
can I take your picture?: Må jeg tage et billede af dig?
Where is the bathroom?: Hvor er der et toilet? /toiˈlett/
where do you come from?: Hvor kommer du fra?
do you speak English?: Taler du engelsk?
generic toast: skål /skål/
I don't understand: Jeg forstår ikke

Dutch (Germanic)

Dutch: Nederlands /nedərlɑns/ (NAY-der-lahnds)
hello: hallo /hɑlo/ (hah-LOW)
good-bye: tot ziens /tɔt zins/ (tott-ZEENS)
please: alstublieft /ɑlstyblift/ (AHL-stu-BLEEFT)
thank you: dankjewel /dɑŋkjəwɛl/ (DAHNK-ya-WELL)
that one: die /di/ (dee)
how much?: hoeveel /huːvel/ (who-VEIL)
English: Engels /ɛŋəls/ (ENGels)
yes: ja /ja/ (ya)
no: nee /ne/ (ney)
generic toast: proost /prost/ (prohw-st)

Esperanto (International)

translation	phrase
Esperanto:	Esperanto
hello:	saluton
How are you?	kiel vi estas?
good day:	bonan tagon
good morning:	bonan matenon
good-bye:	Gxis revido!
please:	bonvolu
thank you:	dankon
sorry:	pardonu min
that one:	tio
how much?:	Kiom da?
yes:	jes
no:	ne
I don't understand:	mi ne komprenas
Where's the bathroom?:	Kie estas la banejo?
generic toast:
English:	Angla

Estonian (Finno-Ugric)

Estonian: eesti
hello: tere
good-bye: head aega
please: palun
thank you: aitäh
you're welcome: palun
that one: see
how much?: kui palju
English: inglise
yes: jah
no: ei
sorry: vabandage
I don't understand: Ma ei saa aru
generic toast: terviseks
Do you speak English?: Kas te räägite inglise keelt?
Where is the bathroom/toilet? Kus on WC? Kus on vannituba?

Finnish (Finno-Ugric)

Finnish: suomi /'suo mi/ (SUE-o-mi)
hello: päivää /'pæjvæː/ (pay-vaeh) (except the vowels are like "pay" with the vowel from "cat" followed by the vowel from "tick"; the syllable "vaeh" has the long syllable from "bad")
good-bye: näkemiin /'nækemiːn/ (NACK-eh-MEAN)
please: ¹
thank you: kiitos /'kiːtos/ (key-toss)
that one: tuo /'tuo/ (to-oh)
how much?: kuinka paljon /'kujnka 'paljon/ (kuyn-kah pal-yon)
English: englanti /'ɛŋlanti/ (ENG-lan-TEH)
yes: kyllä /'kylːæ/ (kul-laeh)
no: ei /ej/ (ey)
sorry: anteeksi /'anteːksi/ ("On take see")
where is the toilet?: missä on vessa? /'misːæ on 'vesːa/(MIS-sah on VEHS-sah)
generic toast: kippis /'kipːis/ (KIP-pis)
do you speak English?: puhutko englantia? /'puhutko 'ɛŋlantia/ (poo-hoot-koh eng-lawn-tia)
I don't understand: en ymmärrä /ɛn 'ymːærːæ/ (en um-mar-ra)
I don't know: en tiedä /ɛn 'tiɛdæ/ (en tee-eh-da)

French (Romance)

French: français /frɑ̃sɛ/ ("fraw(n)-SAY")
hello: bonjour /bɔ̃ʒuʁ/ ("boh(n)-ZHURE")
good-bye: au revoir /o ʁəvwaʁ/ ("oh-reh-VWA")
please: s'il vous plaît /sil vu plɛ/ ("seal vuh PLAY")
thank you: merci /mɛʁsi/ ("mare-SEE")
you're welcome "de rien" (deuh ree-EHN)
that one: cela /səla/ ("seh-LAH")
how much?: combien /kɔ̃bjɛ̃/ ("ko(n)m-BYEN")
English: anglais /ɑ̃glɛ/ ("ah(n)-GLAY")
yes: oui /wi/ ("wee")
no: non /nɔ̃/ ("nah(n)")
sorry: pardon /paʁdɔ̃/ ("pahr-DO(n)"), excusez-moi /ɛkskyzemwa/ ("ex-kyu-say-MWA")
I don't understand: Je ne comprends pas /ʒə nə cõ'pʁɑ̃ 'pa/ ("zhe ne co(n)m-pro(n) PAH")
where's the bathroom?: Où sont les toilettes? /u sɔ̃ le twa lɛt/ ("ooh so(n) lay twa-LET)⁸
generic toast: Santé! /sɑ̃te/ ("sahn-TAY") (Literally: Health)
Do you speak English?: Parlez-vous anglais? /paʁ le vu ɑ̃ glɛ/ ("par-lay voo zah(n)-GLAY")
Apologizing for lingual ignorance "Pardonnez-moi, mais je ne parle pas très bien le français ." (par-dohn-ay MWAH may zheu neuh parl pah tray byen leuh frahn-SAY)

(Literally: Excuse me, I dont speak very good French.)

I don't know: Je ne sais pas /ʒə nə sɛ 'pa/ ("zhe ne sa(i) PAH")

Frisian (Germanic)

The translations provided following W: are in West Frisian, those following N: are in North Frisian (Mooring dialect).

Frisian:

W: Frysk /fri.sk/ (freask)
N: Friisk /fri:sk/ (freask)

hello:

W: a goeie /ɑ gujə/ (ah gooye)
N: moin /mOIn/ (moin)

good-bye:

W: oant sjen /ɔnt ʃɛn/ (ont shen)
N: adjiis /Adji:s/ (a-jease)

please:

W: asjeblyft /ɑʃəbli.ft/ (ashebleaft)
N: weesegödj /ve:z&gödj/ (veisegud-y)

thank you:

W: tige tank /'tiːɣə tɑnk/ (teaghe tank)
N: foole tunk /fo:l&tunk/ (foughle toonk)

that one:

W: dy /di./ (dea)
N: di /dI/ (dih)

how much?:

W: hoefolle? /hufolə/ (who folle)
N: hüfoole? /h^fo:l&/ (huh foughle)

English:

W: Ingelsk /iŋəlsk/ (ingelsk)
N: Aingelsch /&j:ñ&lS/ (ayngelsh)

yes:

W: ja /ja/ (yaah)
N: joo /jo:/ (yo)

W: nee /ne./ (nay)
N: nåån /nO:n/ (nawn)

where's the bathroom?:

W: Wêr is hjir it húske? /Wɛːr ɪs jɪrət hy.skə/ (where is yirret hewske)
N: Weer as heer et hüüschen? /wI:R &s hI:r &t hy.S&n/ (vere is heret hewshen)

generic toast:

W: tsjoch /ʧoX/ (chokh)
N: sünhäid /sönhEId/ (sun-heyd)

Do you speak English?:

W: Kinne jo Ingelsk? /kɪnə jo. ɪŋəlsk/ (kinne yo ingelsk?)
N: Koost dü Aingelsch? /ko:stö &jñ@lS/ (coastuh ayngelsh)

I don't understand:

W: Ik begryp it net /ɪk bəgri.pət nɛt/ (ick begreapet net)
N: Ik begrip et ai /Ik b&grIp&t&j/ (ick begripet ay)

Sorry:

W: Pardon /pədɔn/ (p'donn)
N: Fertrüt me /ftr^t me/ (f-trut meh)

German (Germanic)

German: Deutsch /dojʧ/ (doytch) ()
hello: hallo /hə'loː/ (HUL-low) ()
good-bye: auf Wiedersehen /awf 'viːdəzeːn/ (owf VEE-der-zayn) ()
please: bitte /'bɪtə/ (BIT-ta) ()
thank you: danke /'daŋkə/ (DUNG-ke) ()
that one: das /dɑs/ (DUSS) ()
how much?: wie viel? /vi fiːl/ (vee feel?) ()
English: Englisch /'ʔɛŋlɪʃ/ (ANG-lish) ()
yes: ja /ja/ (yah) ()
no: nein /najn/ (nine) ()
where's the bathroom?: Wo ist die Toilette? /vo ʔɪst diː toi'lɛtə/ (vo ist dee toah-LET-te) ()
generic toast: prosit /pʁo'zit/ (PRO-zeet) () or prost /pʁoːst/ (proust) ()
Do you speak English?: Sprechen Sie Englisch? /'ʃpʁɛçən ziː 'ʔɛŋlɪʃ/ (SHPRA-khen zee ANG-lish) ()
I don't understand: Ich verstehe nicht. /ɪç fə'ʃteːə nɪçt/ (ish fer-SHTAY-eh nisht) ()
Sorry: Entschuldigung /ʔɛnt'ʃʊldɪgʊŋ/ (ent-SHOOL-dee-goong) ()
I don't know: Ich weiß es nicht // (ish vice es nisht)

Greek (Greek)

Greek: Ελληνικά /ɛlini'ka/ (el leen ee KA)
hello: Γειά σας /ja sas/ (YA sas)
please: παρακαλώ /paraka'lɔ/ (puh rah kah LOW)
thank you: Ευχαριστώ /ɛfxarɪ'stɔ/ (eff kha reess TOE)
that one: εκείνο /e'kinɔ/ (e KEE no)
how much: Πόσο κάνει; /'pɔsɔ 'kani/ (POSS o kah knee)
English: Αγγλικά /aŋgli'ka/ (ang glee KA)
yes: ναι /nɛ/ (neh) (this is a faux amis for many European language speakers)
no: όχι /'ɔçi/ (AW hee)
sorry: συγγνώμη /siŋ'nɔmi/ (sig NOE mee / sing NOE mee)
I don't understand: Δεν καταλαβαίνω /ðɛn katala'vɛnɔ/ (THEN cut a la VENN oh)
where's the bathroom?: Πού είναι οι τουαλέτες; /pu 'inɛ i tua'lɛtɛs/ (poo EE neh ee too uh LET tess)
generic toast: Γειά μας! /'ja mas/ (YAH mass)
Do you speak English?: Μιλάτε αγγλικά; /mi'latɛ aŋgli'ka/ (mee LAH teh ang glee KA)

Hawaiian (Malayo-Polynesian)

Hawaiian: Hawai`i /oːlelo hawaiʔi/ (ha why ee)
hello: aloha /aloha/ (a low ha)
good-bye: A hui hou. /ahuihou/ (a hoo-ee hoe)
please: e `olu `olu `oe /eʔoluʔoluʔoe/ (ey owe-loo owe-loo owe-ay)
thank you: mahalo /mahalo/ (ma ha low)
yes: `ae /ʔae/ (ah ay)
no: `a`ole /ʔaʔole/ (uh-oh lay)
how much?: `ehia? /ʔehia/ (ay hee uh)
Where is the restroom?: Aia i hea ka lumi ho`opaupilikia? /aiaiheakalumihoʔopaupilikia/ (ah ee ah ee ka loo mee hoe owe pow pee lee kee uh)
generic toast: Ola /ola/ (Oh la)

(Other useful words in Hawaiian:)

foreigner: haole /haole/ "how-lee"

Hebrew (Semitic)

Hebrew: עברית ivrit /ɪv'ʁɪt/
hello/peace: שלום shalom/ʃʌ'lom/
good-bye: להתראות lehitraot /lɛhitʁʌ'ot/
nice to meet you: נעים מאוד; Na’im Me’od
please/you're welcome: בבקשה bevakasha /bɛvʌkʌ'ʃʌ/
thank you: תודה toda /to'dʌ/
thank you very much: תודה רבה; toda raba
that one: את זה et ze /ɛt zɛ/
how much?: ?כמה kama /'kʌmʌ/
how much does this cost?: ?כמה זה עולה Kama Zeh Oleh?
English: אנגלית anglit /ʌn'glɪt/
yes כן ken /kɛn/
no/not: לא lo /lo/
generic toast (literally, "to life"): לחיים le-chaim /lɛ'Xaim/
good morning: בוקר טוב Boker Tov
good night: לילה טוב Laíla Tov
what's up?: ?מה קורה Ma Kore?
how are you?: ?מה נשמע Ma Nishma?
good: טוב Tov
Where is the restroom?: איפה השרותים?‏ Eifo ha-sheirutim?

Urdu/Hindi (Indo-Iranian)

Spoken Urdu and Hindi is almost the same except for few words but writing style is very different.
hello: Asslam-o-Alekum(Muslims)/Namastay(Hindu)'
good-bye: Allah Hafiz/phir milenge
please: meherbani seh
thank you: shukriya
that one: woh wala
how much?: kitna
English: angrezi
yes: haan
no: ji nahi
sorry: maaf karee-a ga
what?: kya?
how?: kaise?
i dont remember: "Mujhey yad nahi hai"
i cant understand:"Mujhey samagh nahi ayee"
can u help me?: "Kia aap meri madad ker saktay hain?"
How are you?: 'Aap Kais-ee(female)/kai-say(male) Hain?'
I don't know: 'Mujhey Maloom Nahi'
Do you speak English?: Aapko angrezi aati hain?
Can you repeat what you just said?: ''Aap ney jo kaha kia woh aap duhraa saktay hain?"
What do you want?: Aapko kya chahiye?
I trust you: Mujhey app per bharosa hai
What is your name?:Aap ka kia naam hai?
I love you: Mujhey aap sey muhabbat hai

Hungarian (Finno-Ugric)

Note: gy (ɟ) is pronounced like in would you; ny (ɲ) like in can you; ö and ő (ø) like in fur; a (ɑ) like in hot; s (ʃ) like in ship; sz (s) like in sun; j (j) like in yes; cs (ʧ) like in chip; é (e) like in eight.

Hungarian: magyar /'mɑɟɑr/ ('MA-dyar)
hello: Jó napot kívánok /'joː nɑpot 'kivaːnok/ ('JOH nup-ot 'KEEH-vaa-nock)
- szia, /'siɑ/ ('SEE-ya) is common amongst friends
good-bye: viszontlátásra /'visontˌlaːtaːʃrɑ/ ('WE-sont-LAAH-taash-ro)
please: legyen szíves /'lɛɟɛn 'sivɛʃ/ ('LEH-dyen 'SEE-vesh)
thank you: köszönöm /'køsønøm/ ('KEHR-ser-nerm)
that one: az /ɑz/ (OZ)
how much?: mennyi? /'mɛɲːi/ ('ME-nyi)
I'd like...: kérek... /'keːrɛk/ (KAY-reck)
yes: igen /'igɛn/ ('EE-ghen)
no: nem /nɛm/ (NEM)
sorry: bocsánat /'boʧaːnɑt/ ('BOH-chaa-not)
I don't understand: nem értem /'nɛm eːr'tɛm/ (NEM ayr-tem)
where's the bathroom?: Hol van a mosdó? /'hol vɑn ɑ 'moʃdoː/ ('HOLE von o MOSH-doh)
generic toast: egészségedre /'ɛgeːʃːeːgɛdrɛ/ ('EH-gay-shay-ged-re)
Do you speak English?: Beszél angolul? /'bɛseːl 'ɑŋgolul/ ('BEH-sayl 'ON-goh-lool)

Icelandic (Germanic)

Icelandic: íslenska /iːslenska/ (EES-len-ska)
hello: góðan dag /gouːðandaːG/ (GOH-than dahg)
good-bye: bless /blɛsː/
please: gjörðu svo vel /gjør TY sɔ vɛːl/ (GYUHR-thuh so vel)
thank you: takk fyrir /tahk fɪːrɪr/ (tahk FEER-eer)
that one: þetta /Te tːa/ (thetta)
how much?: hversu mikið /xversY mɪːcɪð/ (KVAIR-suh mickith)
English: enska /enska/ (enn skah)
yes: já /jauː/ (yow)
no: nei /nej/ (nay)
generic toast: skál! /skauːl/ (scowl)

Indonesian (Malayo-Polynesian)

(note: N is pronounced like ng in king)

Indonesian: bahasa Indonesia /ba-ha-sa in-do-ne-sia/
hello:
- halo /ha-lo/ (casual and on telephone)
- selamat pagi /suh-la-mat pa-gi/ (morning)
- selamat siang /... si-aN/ (around midday and in the early afternoon)
- selamat sore /... so-re/ (late afternoon)
- selamat malam /... ma-lam/ (after dark)
good-bye:
- dadah /dah-dah/ (usual, informal)
- selamat tinggal /... tiN-gal/ (said by person leaving)
- selamat jalan /... ja-lan/ (said by person staying)
please: tolong /toe-loN/
thank you: terima kasih /tree-ma ka-sih/
that one: itu /i-too/
how much? berapa /buh-ra-pa/
English: bahasa Inggris /ba-ha-sa iN-gris/
yes: ya /ya/
no: tidak /ti-da'/
generic toast: selamat minum /suh-la-mat mi-noom/ (cheers)
excuse me: maaf /ma-af/
I don't understand: saya tidak mengerti /sa-ya ti-da' muh-Nur-ti/
Do you speak English?: bisa bahasa Inggris? /bi-sa .../
Where is the restroom?: di mana toilet? /di ma-na toy-let/

Irish (Celtic)

Irish: Gaeilge /geləgɛ/ (GWAY-lih-geh)
welcome: fáilte /faːltʲə/(FALL-cha)
good-bye: slán /slaːn/ (slawn)
please: le do thoil /lɛ dɔ hil/ (leh duh hill)
thank you: go raibh maith agat /gə rɛv mah agət/ (guh rev MAH a-gut)
sorry: tá brón orm (taː broːn urm)
that one: é sin /eʃin/ (a:shin)
how much?: cé mhéad /keː veːd/ (kay-vade)
English: Béarla /beːr lə/ (BARE-lah)
yes: ²sea /ʃa/ (shah)
no: ³ní hea /niː ha/ (knee-ha)
I don't understand: ní thuigim /niː higim/
Where's the bathroom?: cá bhfuil an leithreas? (kaː vil un lehras)
generic toast: sláinte /slaːntʲə/ (SLAWN-tye)

Italian (Romance)

Italian: italiano /ita'ljano/ (ee-tah-lee-AN-oh)
hello: ciao /'ʧao/ (chah-ow)
good-bye: arrivederci /arːive'derʧi/ (a-ree-veh-DARE-chi)
please: per favore /per fa'vore/ (per fa-VOAR-ay)
thank you: grazie /'gratsje/ (GRAT-zee-eh)
that one: quello /'kwelːo/ (KWEL-low) (masculine); quella /'kwelːa/ (KWEL-lah) (feminine)
how much? quanto /'kwanto/ (KWAN-tow)
English: inglese /iŋ'gleze/ (in-GLAY-say)
yes: sì /si/ (see)
no: no /no/ (no)
sorry: scusa /'skuza/ (SKOO-za); scusi /'skuzi/ (SKOO-zee) (polite treatment)
I don't understand: non capisco /noŋ ka'pisko/ (non kuh pee skow)
where's the bathroom?: dov'è il bagno? /do'vɛ il 'baɲo/ (do veh eel bah nyoh)
generic toast: salute /salute/ (sall-OO-teh); cincin /ʧin'ʧin/ (cheen cheen)

Japanese

Japanese: 日本語 (にほんご, nihongo) /ni ho n go/ or /ni hoŋ go/ (nee-hon-go)
hello:
- good day: 今日は (こんにちは, konnichiwa) /ko n:i ʧi wa/ (kohn-nee-chee-wa)
- good evening: 今晩は (こんばんは, konbanwa) /ko n. ba n. wa/ (kon bahn wah)
- good morning: おはよう御座います (おはようございます, ohayou gozaimasu) /ohajo: gozaimass/ (oh ha yoh go zigh mahss) sometimes shortened to おはよう (ohayou)
- hello on telephone: もしもし (moshi-moshi) /moʃimoʃi/ (mow she mow she)
good-bye: さようなら (sayōnara) /sajo: na ɾa/ (sigh oh na ra)
please:
- 下さい (ください, kudasai) /kudasa i/ (cuda-sigh) (as part of a sentence, ie, "Please sit down.")
- どうぞ (dōzo) /do:zo/ (Often used when offering or allowing something to someone else. Similar to "go ahead" or "feel free")
- お願いします (おねがいします, onegaishimasu) /onegaiʃimass/ (oh-ne-gai she-mahss)
thank you: 有り難う (ありがとう, arigatō) /a ɾi ga toː/ (ah-ri-ga-toe)
sorry: ご免 (ごめん, gomen) /go me n/ (go men) inf. or 御免なさい (ごめんなさい, gomennasai) /go me n na sa i/ (go men nah sigh)
excuse me: 済みません, すみません (sumimasen) /su mi ma se n/ (sue mee mah sen)
that one: それ (sore) /soɾe/ (so reh)
how much? いくらですか。 (ikura desu ka) /i ku ɾa/ (i-ku-ra des ka)
English: 英語 (えいご, eigo) /eː go/ or /ej go/ (ay-go)
yes: はい (hai) /ha i/ or /haj/ (high)
no: いいえ (iie) /iːe/ (ee-eh)
thanks before eating: いただきます (itadakimasu)
to be excused after eating: ごちそうさまでした (gochisousamadeshita)
where's the bathroom?: お手洗いはどこですか　 (おてらいはどこですか, otearai wa doko desu ka) or just お手洗いどこ　 (おてらいどこ, otearai doko) /oteaɾai wa doko des ka/ /otearai doko/ (o-tay-a-rye wa do-ko dess-ka) (o-tay-a-rye do-ko)
generic toast: 乾杯 (かんぱい, kampai) /kampaj/ (kam-pie)
can you speak English?: 英語が話せますか, (eigo ga hanasemasu ka, えいごがはなせますか) /e i go ga ha na se mas ka/ (ay-go ga ha-na-say-mas-ka)
foreigner: 外国人 (がいこくじん, gaikokujin) /ga i ko ku ji n/ or /gaj ko ku jin/ (informally 外人 (がいじん, gaijin) ["guy jean"])

Kannada (Dravidian)

Kannada: Kannada
hello: Namaskaara
good-bye: Hogibittu baruttene
please: dayavittu
thank you: dhanyavaadagalu
that one: adu
how much?: eshtu
English: aangla
yes: houdu
no: illa
generic toast:

Klingon (Constructed)

translation	phrase	IPA	proximate pronunciation
Klingon:	tlhIngan Hol	/ˈtɬ͡ɪŋɑn xol/	TLI-ngan khol
Hello:	nuqneH?	/nuqʰˈnɛx/	nook-NEKH
Good-bye:	Qapla'	/qχ͡ɑpˈlɑʔ/	kkhap-LA'
Please:	vItlhob'	/vɪˈtɬ͡ob/	vee-TLOB
Thank you:	qatlho'	/qʰɑˈtɬ͡oʔ/	ka-TLHO'
Sorry:	jIQoS	/ʤɪˈqχ͡oʂ/	jee-KKHOSH
That one:	Dochvam	/ˈɖoʧvɑm/	DOCH-vam
How much?:	'ar?	/ʔɑr/	ar
Yes:	HIja' or HISlaH	/xɪˈʤɑʔ/ or /xɪʂˈlɑx/	khee-JA' or kheesh-LAKH
No:	ghobe'	/ɣoˈbɛʔ/	gho-BE'
I don't understand:	jIyajbe'	/ʤɪˈjɑʤbɛʔ/	jee-yaj-BE'
Where's the bathroom?:	nuqDaq 'oH puchpa''e'?	/ˈnuqʰɖɑqʰ ʔox pʰuʧˈpʰɑʔɛʔ/	NOOK-dak okh pooch-PA'-eh
Do you speak English?:	DIvI' Hol Dajatlh'a'?	/ˈɖɪvɪ xol ɖɑʤɑtɬ͡ˈʔɑʔ/	DEE-vee khol da-jatl-AH

Korean

Note: Hangul Revised Romanization of Korean See also: Names of Korea

Korean: 한국어 hangugeo /hankukʌ/
hello/good-bye: 안녕하세요 annyeonghaseyo/anːjʌŋhasejo/ (ah nyuhng ha say yo), 안녕 annyeong /aːnjʌŋ/ (ah nyuhng)
good-bye (Leaving): 안녕히게세요 annyeonghigeseyo /anːjʌŋhigɛsejo/ (ah nyuhng hee geh say yo)
good-bye (Being left): 안녕히가세요 annyeonghigaseyo /anːjʌŋhikasejo/ (ah nyuhng hee ga say yo)
please may I have: 주세요 juseyo /ĵusejo/ (ju say yo) Note: to be used after the object. ie: Taxi ju say yo. = Taxi please.
thank you: 고맙습니다 gomapseupnida /komapsɯmnita/ (go mahp s'm nee dah), 고마워 gomawo /komawʌ/ (go mah woe)
that one: 저것 jeogeot /cʌkʌt/ (juh gut)
how much?: 얼마예요? eolmayeyo /ʌlmajɛjo/ (uhl ma eh yo)
yes: 네 ne /nɛ/ (neh) or 예 ye /jɛ/ (yeh)
no: 아니오 anio /anio/ (ah nee oh)
sorry: 미안합니다 mianhamnida /mianhamnita/ (mee ahn hahm nee dah)
I don't understand: 모르겠습니다 moreugesseumnida /morɯkes'ɯmnita/ (mow l' guess 'im nee tah)
where's the bathroom?: 화장실이 어디예요? hwajangsili eodiyeyo /hwacaŋsili ʌtijɛjo/ (hwah jahng see lee uh dee ay yo)
generic toast: 건배! geonbae /kʌnpɶ/ (gun beh) (2nd vowel is same as in English "bat"), 위하여! wihayeo /wihajʌ/ (wee hah yuh)
Do you speak English?: 영어 할 줄 아세요? yeongeo hal jul aseyo /jʌŋʌ hal cul asɛjo/ (young uh hall jool a say yo)

Latin (Italic)

Pronunciations given are the Ecclesiastical Pronunciation (Based on Italian, and used in some ceremonies by the Catholic church)

Latin: Latina /la'tina/ ("lah-TEE-nah")
hello: ave! /'ave/ ("Ah-vay")
goodbye: vale! /'vale/ ("vah-lay")
please: si placet /si 'plaʧet/ ("see PLAH-chet")
thank you: gratias tibi ago /'gratias 'tibi 'ago/ ("GRAH-tee-as TI-bee AH-goh")
that one: ille, illa, illud /'ilːe, 'ilːa, 'ilːud/ ("ILL-lay, ILL-lah, ILL-lud)"/
how much?: quot? /kwot/ ("quote")
yes: certe /'ʧerte/ ("CHAIR-tay")
no: non, nullo modo /'non, 'nulːo 'modo/ ("noan, NUL-loh MO-doh")
sorry: ignosce mihi /i'ɲoʃe 'mihi/ ("een-YOH-shay MEE-hee")
I don't understand: non comprehendo /noŋ kompre'hendo/ ("noan com-pray-HEN-doh")
where's the bathroom? ubi sunt latrinae /'ubi sunt la'trinæ/ ("OO-bee sunt lah-TREE-nay")
generic toast: salutem! /sa'lutem/ ("sah-LOO-tehm")
Do you speak English? loqueris anglice? /lo'kweris aŋ'gliʧe/ ("loh-quay-riss awn-glee-chay?")

Lithuanian (Baltic)

Lithuanian: Lietuviškai ("lietu'vishkai")
hello: labas ("lA-bas")
goodbye: ate! ("ateh'")
please: prašau("prashau")
thank you: ačių ("Ahchjooh")
that one: tas(masculine), ta(feminnine) ("tas, ta)"
how much?: kiek? ("kjEk")
yes: taip ("taIp")
no: ne ("ne'")
sorry: atsiprašau ("Atsiprashau")
I don't understand: nesupratau
toast: į sveikatą! ("EE sveikAtA!")
Do you speak English? kalbate angliškai?

Low Saxon (Germanic)

Low Saxon: Plattdüütsch /"Plutt deech/
hello: moin /moyn/
good-bye: tschüss /'chuss/
please: bidde /bidde/
thank you: danke /"ðæŋka/
that one: düssen /"ðussan/
how much?: wo veel /vo "Fayl/
yes: jou /yow/
no: nee /nay/
sorry: tschulligung /'choo-lee-goonk/
I don't understand: Ik vörstah nich / eek forstaa nix /
where's the toilet?: wo is de tante Meyer? /vow is day tanne migher/
generic toast: nich lang snacken - kopp in'n nacken! /neex lung snuckan 'kopp inAkan/
Do you speak English?: snacks du ingelsch? /snucks doo engalsh/

Maltese (Semitic)

Maltese language: Il-lingwa maltija /il lingwa ma:lti:ja/
hello: merħba /merhba/
good day: bonġu /bondZu:/
bye: ċaw /tSaw/, saħħa /sahha/
please: jekk jogħġbok /jekk jo:dZbok/
thank you: grazzi /grattsi/
that one: dak /da:k/
how much?: kemm? /kemm/
yes: iva /i:va/
no: le /le/
sorry: jiddispjaċini /jiddispjatSi:ni/
I don't understand: ma nifhimx /ma: nifimS/
where is the toilet?: fejn it-tojlit? /fejn it tojlit/
generic toast: saħħa! /sahha/
do you speak English?: titkellem bl-ingliż? /titkellem bliNli:s/
Malta is a beautiful island: Malta hija ġżira sabiħa /ma:lta hi:ja dZzi:ra sabi:ha/

Malay (Malayo-Polynesian)

Malay language: Bahasa Melayu /ba-ha-sa me-la-yu/
hello:
- selamat pagi /sə-la-mat pa-gi/ (morning)
- selamat tengah hari /... təŋah ha-ri/ (around midday and in the early afternoon)
- selamat petang /... pə-taŋ/ (late afternoon)
- selamat malam /... ma-lam/ (after dark)
good-bye:
- selamat tinggal /... tiŋ-gal/ (said by person leaving) (lit. Safe living (tinggal has connotations of residence, stay))
- selamat jalan /... ʤa-lan/ (said by person staying) (lit. Safe travelling)
please: tolong /tɔ-lɔŋ/
thank you: terima kasih /tə-ri-ma ka-sih/
that one: itu /i-tʊ/
how much?: berapa /bə-ra-pa/
English language: Bahasa Inggeris /ba-ha-sa iŋ-gəris/
yes: ya /ja/
no: tidak /ti-dak/
excuse me: maaf /ma-af/
I don't understand: saya tidak faham /sa-ja ti-dak fa-ham/
Can you speak English?: bolehkah cakap bahasa Inggeris? /bo-leh-kah ʧakap .../
Where is the restroom?: di mana tandas? /di mana tan-das/

Maori (Malayo-Polynesian)

Maori: Māori /maːoɾi/
hello: tēnā koe /teːnaː koe/ (to one person), tēnā kōrua /teːnaː koːɾua/ (to two people), tēnā koutou /teːnaː koutou/
good-bye (to those who are staying): e noho rā /e noho ɾaː/
good-bye (to those who are leaving): haere rā /haeɾe ɾaː/
please: koa /koa/
thank you (or "good day" - literally "be well"): kia ora /kia oɾa/
how much?: pēhea? /peːhea/
yes: ae /ae/
no: kaore /kaoɾe/

Marathi (Indian languages)

Marathi: maraaThee
hello:
good-bye: achhaa
please: krupah yaa
thank you: aa bhaar
how much?: kitee
yes: ho
no: naa hee
English: ingrajee

Nigerian pidgin (English-based pidgin)

Nigerian pidgin:
hello: How now
good-bye: A go dey see yu now
please: A beg
thank you: Thank yu
that one:
how much?:
English: Oyinbo
yes: Yes
no: No
generic toast:

Norwegian (Germanic) - Bokmål

Norwegian: norsk /'nɔʃk/ (norsk)
hello: hallo /hɑ'luː/
hi: hei /hæi/
good-bye: farvel /fɑɾ'wel/ (far well)
please: vær så snill /'wæːr so snil/
thank you: takk /tɑk/ (takh)
that one: den /den/ (den)
how much?: hvor mye? /wuɾ myːə/
English: engelsk /'eŋelsk/
yes: ja /jɑː/ (yah)
no: nei /næj/ (nay)
can I take your picture?: kan jeg ta bilde av deg?
where is the bathroom?: hvor er badet?
where do you come from?: hvor kommer du fra?
do you speak English?: snakker du engelsk?
generic toast: skål /skoːl/
where can i find a restaurant?: hvor kan jeg finne en restaurant?
where is the nearest hospital?: hvor er det nærmeste sykehuset?

O'odham (Uto-Aztecan)

O'odham: O'odham ñiok /ɔʔɔtˀm ˈɲiɔk/
English: Milga:n ñiok /miɮˈgaːn ˈɲiɔk/
hello: Ṣap kaic /ʃap ˈkaiʧ/ (lit. what did you say?)
good-bye: Do va ep em ñei /dɔ va ˈəp əm ɲəi/
that one: hegai /həgaɪ/
yes: ha'u /haʔʊ/
no: pi'a /piʔa/

Pennsylvania German, Pennsylvania Dutch (Germanic)

(dialects may vary)

Pennsylvania Dutch: Pennsilfaani(isch)-Deitsch
hello: hiya
good-bye: bis schpeeder (bis shpayder) Until later
please: please
thank you: danki schee (dan-key shay)
that one: da do (da daw)
how much: Wie viel (wee feel)
English: Englisch
yes: Ya
no: nee (nay)
Can I take your picture?: Kann ich dei Pikder nemme? (can ich (Germanic 'ch' sounds like the H in huge) dye pic-der nay-me)
Where is the washroom?: Wu is die Baadschtupp?
Sorry I don't understand.: Sorry, Ich verschteh dich net.

Polish (Slavic)

translation	phrase	IPA	remarks
Polish language	Język polski polszczyzna	['jε̃zik 'pɔlski] [pɔl'ʃʧizna]
hello	cześć	['ʧεɕtɕ]	informal, used both for greeting and good-bye, lit. "honour"
good morning, good afternoon	dzień dobry	['dʑεɲ ,dɔbri]	lit. "good day"
good-bye	do widzenia	[dɔvi'ʣεɲa]	lit. "until seeing"
good night	dobranoc	[dɔ'branɔʦ]
please	proszę	['prɔʃε̃]
you're welcome	proszę bardzo	[ˌprɔʃε̃'barʣɔ]
don't mention it	nie ma za co	[ˌɲεma'zaʦɔ]	lit. "(there's) nothing you have to (thank for)"
thank you	dziękuję	[dʑε̃'kujε̃]
this one	m: ten f: ta n: to	[tεn] [ta] [tɔ]
that one	m: tamten f: tamta n: tamto	['tamtεn] ['tamta] ['tamtɔ]
how much?	ile?	['ilε]
English language	angielski	[aŋ'gε´lski]
yes	tak	[tak]
no	nie	[ɲε]
I don't understand	Nie rozumiem	[ɲεrɔ'zumiεm]
where's the bathroom?	Gdzie jest łazienka?	[ˌgdʑεεst wa'ʑeŋka]
generic toast:	Na zdrowie!	[na zdrɔv'ε]	lit. "to health"
do you speak English?	Czy mówi Pan po angielsku? Czy mówi Pani po angielsku? Czy mówisz po angielsku?	[ʧi'muvipan poaŋ'gε´lsku] [ʧi'muvipani poaŋ'gε´lsku] [ʧi'muviʃ poaŋ'gε´lsku]	Pan - sir, mr.; Pani - mrs.; the third form is both impersonal and informal
what is it?	Co to jest?	[ʦɔtɔ'jεst]
Welcome to Poland!	Witamy w Polsce	[vi'tami 'fpɔlsʦε]

Portuguese (Romance)

translation	phrase	IPA
Portuguese:	português	PT /purtu'geʃ/ BR /portu'gejʃ/
hello:	olá	/ɔ'la/
good-bye:	adeus	PT /ɐ'dewʃ/ BR /a'dewʃ/
please:	por favor	PT /puɾ fɐ'voɾ/ BR /poɾ fa'vo:/
thank you (m); thank you (f):	obrigado; obrigada	/obɾi'gadu/; PT /obɾi'gadɐ/ BR /obɾi'gada/
sorry:	desculpe	PT /dɨʃkulpɨ/ BR /diʃkulpi/
that one:	aquele; aquela	PT /ɐ'kelɨ/; /ɐ'kɛlɐ/ BR /a'keli/; /a'kɛla/
how much?:	quanto	/kwãtu/
yes:	sim	/sĩ/
no:	não	/nãw̃/
I don't understand:	não compreendo	/nãw̃ cõpriɛ̃du/
where's the bathroom?:	Brazil: Onde fica o banheiro	/õdi fika u baɲɛjɾu/
	Portugal, others: Onde fica o quarto de banho	/õdɨ fikɐ u kwaɾtu dɨ baɲu/
generic toast:	à vossa! (or saúde)	PT /a vosɐ/ BR /a vosa/
Do you speak English?:	Fala inglês?	PT /falɐ ĩgleʃ/ BR /fala ĩglejʃ/

Romanian (Romance)

Romanian: româneşte /romɨ'neʃte/, limba română /'limba ro'mɨnə/
hello: Bună ziua /'bunə 'ziwa/
good bye: La revedere /la reve'dere/
please: Vă rog /və 'rog/
thank you: Mulțumesc /multsu'mesk/, Mersi /mer'si/
how much?: Cât? /kɨt/
English: engleză /engle'zə/
do you speak English?: Vorbiţi engleză? /vor'bitsi_0 engle'zə/
yes: da /da/
no: nu /nu/
I don't understand: Nu înţeleg /nu ɨntse'leg/
generic toast: Noroc! /no'roc/
where's the bathroom?: Unde e baia? /'unde je 'baja/

Russian (Slavic)

Russian: Русский /russkij/ ()
hello: Здравствуйте /zdrastvujtʲe/ () Literal translation: (be) healthy (imperative 2nd person plural/singular out of respect)
good-bye: До свидания /dɔ svidanja/ () Literal translation: until seeing
please: Пожалуйста /pɔʒalsta/ ()
thank you: Спасибо /spasib^/ ()
that one: тот /tot/ ()
how much?: Сколько ()
English: Английский /aŋgliskij/ ()
yes: Да /da/ ()
no: Нет /nyet/ ()
sorry: извините /izvinitye/
I don't understand: не понимаю /nye ponimayu/
generic toast: За здоровье () Literal translation: for health
Do you speak English?: Вы говорите по-английски? /vy gɔvɔritʲe pɔ.aŋgliskij/ ()
where's the bathroom?: где здесь туалет? /gdye zdyes' tualet/

Sanskrit (Indo-Iranian)

Sanskrit: sanskrta (also samskrta) /san (nasal n) skrr tuh/
hello: namo namah //
good-bye: //
please: //
thank you: anugurihiitosumi //
that one: //
how much?: //
English: //
yes: ava //
no: //
generic toast: //

Sardinian (Romance)

Sardinian: sardu /'sarDu/ "sar-doo"
hello: bona die "bon-a dee-a"
good-bye: adiosu /a'Djosu/ "ah-dhyohsoo"
bye-bye: a nos bidere /anos'biDere/ "a-nohss-BI-dere"
please: pro piaghere /'pro pja'Gere/ "pro pee-ah-gh-er-ay"
thank you: grassias /'grasias/ "GRAHSS-yahss"
that one: cussu /'kusu/ "KU-hssoo"
how much?: cantu /'kantu/ "KAHN-too"
English: Ingresu /in'gresu/ "in-GRAY-soo"
yes: eia /'eja/
no: no /'no/
sorry:
I don't understand:
where's the bathroom?:
hello, and generic toast: salude /sa'luDe/ "saw-LOODHE"

Scots (Germanic)

Scots: Scots [skots, skOts]
hello: awricht [A'rIxt, a'rIxt]
good-bye: see ye [si: ji:]
thank you: ta [ta:]
that one: that ane [Dat en, at en, at in, Dat jIn]
no: nae [ne:, na, nQ]
yes: ay [Ai]
sorry: sairy [se:ri]
I don't understand: A dinna unnerstaund [a dIn@ Vn@rstAn(d), a dIne Vn@rstAn(d), a dIna Vn@rstAn(d)]
where's the bathroom?: whaur's the cludgie? [WA:rz D@ klVdZI, fA:rz -]
generic toast: cheers! [tSi:rz]
Do you speak English?: Dae ye speak English? [de: ji spIk INlIS, di: ji spIk INlIS]

Scottish Gaelic (Celtic)

Gaelic: Gàidhlig (GAH-lick)
welcome: fàilte (FAL-tyuh)
good-bye: mar sin leat (mar SHIN let)
please: mas e do thoil e (mah SHEH daw HOL eh)
thank you: tapadh leat (TAH-pah let)
sorry: tha mi duilich (hah mee DOO-leekh)
that one: am fear sin (am fer SHIN)
how much?: cia mheud (kah VIT)
English: Beurla (BYER-luh)
yes: ²tha (hah)
no: ³chan eil (chan YIL)
I don't understand: chan eil mi a' tuigsinn (khan YIL mee uh TOOK-shin)
Where's the bathroom?: càit a bheil an taigh beag? (KATCH-uh vil an TUH-eeh bik)
generic toast: slàinte (SLAN-tyuh)

Serbian (Slavic)

Serbian: српски (srpski) /srp-skee/ (srpskee)
hello: здраво (zdravo) /zdrA-vO/ (z like in zebra) Literal translation: healthy
good-bye: довиђења (dovidjenja) /dOvidʲɛnʲɑ/ Literal translation: until we see again
please: молим (molim) /mO-lim/ (moleam)
thank you: хвала (hvala) /hvA-la/ Literal translation: praise
that one: то (to) /tO/ (not as english to)
how much?: колико? (koliko?) /ko-lɛ-ko/ (coleeco, co-, -co => cup)
English: енглески (engleski) /ɛn-glɛ-ski/ (-skee)
yes: да (da) /dA/
no: не (ne) /nɛ/
generic toast: живели! (živeli!) /ʒi-vɛ-li/ (zhivelee) Literal translation: live! (imperative 1st person plural)
sorry: извини (izvini) /ezveene/
I don't understand: не разумем (ne razumem) /na rAzumam/
Where is [the bathroom (toilet)]?: Где је тоалет? (Gde je toalet) /gdɛ jɛ toAlEt/

Slovak (Slavic)

Slovak (adjective): slovenský (SLOvenskii) /slɔvɛnskiː/
Slovak (adverb): po slovensky (POslovenski) /pɔslovɛnski/
hello: dobrý deň (DObree dyeniy) /dɔbriː dj, 'ɛɲ/ Literal translation: good day
good-bye: dovidenia (DOvidyeniya) /dɔ-vi-dj, 'ɛ-ɲʌ/
please: prosím (Vás) (PROseem vaas) /p4ɔsi:m vʌːs/
thank you: ďakujem (Vám) (DYAkooyem vaam) /dj, 'ʌkujɛm vʌːm/
that one: tamten (TAMten) /tʌmtɛn/
how much?: koľko (KOlioko) /kɔlj, '-kɔ/
English (adjective): anglický (ANglytscyy) /ʌŋglickiː/
English (adverb): po anglicky (POanglytscy) /pɔʌŋglicki/
yes: áno (AANO) /ʌ: nɔ/ or hej (HEY) /hɛj/
no: nie (niye) /ɲɛ/
generic toast: Na zdravie (NAzdravye) /nʌzdɾʌvjɛ/
sorry: Prepáčte (PREpaachtye) /pɾɛpʌːʧtj, 'ɛ/
I don't understand: Nerozumiem /NYɛrozoomyem/ (ɲɛ-ɾOzu-mjɛm/
Where is [the bathroom (toilet)]?: Kde je [záchod]? (KDYE YE ZAA-khod) /gdɛ jɛ zʌːxɔd/
Do you speak [English]?: Hovoríte [po anglicky]? (HOvoriitye POanglytscy) /hɔvoɾiːtj'ɛ pɔʌŋglicki/

Slovene (Slavic)

Slovene: slovensko /slɒ'venskɒ/
hello: zdravo /'zdrɑvɒ/ Literal translation: healthy
hello: živijo /'ʒɪʊjɒ/
good-bye: nasvidenje (also na svidenje) /na'svɪdɛnjɛ/
please: prosim /'prɔsim/
thank you: hvala /'hvɑla/
that one: tisti /'tɪstɪ/ (ti-, -ti => Tibet)
how much?: koliko? /'kɔlɪkɒ/ (co-, -co => cup)
English: angleško /ɑn'gleʃkɒ/
yes: da /dʌ/ (official), ja (colloquial)
no: ne /nɛ/
generic toast: na zdravje /nɑ zdrɑʊjɛ/ Literal translation: to (our) health

Spanish (Romance)

NOTE: For words ending in a vowel or the letters n or s, stress is on the penultimate symbol. Words ending in other consonants, especially verbs, are stressed on the last syllable. Exception words are accented on the stressed syllable.

Spanish: castellano /kaste'ʎano/, /kaste'ʝano/ (kass-teh-LYA-naw), (kass-teh-JA-naw); español /espa'ɲol/ (ess-pahn-YOHL)
hello: hola /'ola/ (OH-la), also buenos días (BWEN-nohs DEE-ahs)
good-bye: adiós /a'ð̞jos/ (ah-DYOHS)
please: por favor [por fa'β̞or] (pour fah-VOAR)
thank you: gracias /'graθjas/, /'grasjas/ (GRAHTH-yahss), (GRAHSS-yahss)
sorry: perdón [per'ð̞on] (pehr-DOHN)
that one: ése /'ese/ (EH-seh) (masculine); ésa /'esa/ (EH-sah) (feminine)
how much?: cuánto /'kwanto/ (KWAHN-taw)
English: inglés [iŋ'gles] (ing-GLESS)
yes: sí /'si/ (see)
no: no /'no/ (no)
I don't understand: no comprendo [nokom'prendo], no entiendo [noen'tjendo]
where's the bathroom?: ¿Dónde está el baño? ['dondes'tael'β̞aɲo] (DON day esTAH el BA-nyaw)
generic toast: salud [sa'luð̞] (sah-LOOTHE) or (sah-lood)
Do you speak English?: ¿Habla usted inglés? [ˈaβ̞lawsˈteð̞iŋˈgles] (AH-blah OOS- ted ing-GLESS)

Swahili (Bantu)

Usage Note: Greetings in Swahili are a crucial aspect of Swahili culture; it is not uncommon for a conversation to last five minutes before it actually moves beyond saying "Hello". There is no generic word for "Hello" in the language, rather there are numerous options depending on the relative ages and/or race of the people involved, as well as singular and plural forms. A non-comprehensive list would include "hujambo" (reply "sijambo") for two people of similar age and race, "jambo" (reply "jambo") for between white and black people, "Shikamoo" (reply "Marahaba") for a young person to an elderly person, "Hodi" (reply "Karibu") when in the doorway of a house. There are additionally numerous informal greetings such as "Mambo", "Safi", and many more. Farewells are abrupt or even non-existent.

Swahili: Kiswahili /ki swa hi li/ (kee-swa-HEE-lee)
hello: Jambo (ja m boh) or (ya m boh)
good-bye: kwa heri /kwa he ri/ (kwa HAY-ree)
please: tafadhali /ta fa ða li/ (tah-fah-tha-lee)
thank you: asante /a san te/ (ah-SAHN-tey)
that one: yule /ju le/ (YOO-lay)
how much?: ngapi /ŋa pi/ (ng-AH-pee)
English: Kiingereza /ki iŋe re za/ (kee-ing-reza)
yes: ndiyo /n di jo/ (nn-DEE-yoh)
no: hapana /ha pa na/
generic toast: //

Swedish (Germanic)

Swedish: svenska
hello: hej /hey/
good-bye: hej då (HEY-doh)
please: tack (tahck) or snälla (snella)
thank you: tack (tahck)
that one: den där (den dehr)
how much?: hur mycket (huwr MICK-eh)
English: engelska (ENG-el-skah)
yes: ja /ja/ (yah)
no: nej /nEj/ (neigh)
generic toast: skål /skOl/ (skal or skol)

Tagalog / Filipino (Malayo-Polynesian)

English: Ingglés /ʔɪŋ"glɛs/ (ing-GLES)
Filipino: Pilipino /%pili"pino/ (pih-lih-PIH-noh)
Tagalog: Tagalog /tɐ"galog/ (tah-GAH-log)
hello: kumustá /kumus"ta/ (koo-mus-TAH)
good-bye: paalam /pɐ"ʔalam/ (pa-AH-lam)
please: Depending on the nature of the verb, either pakí- /pɐ"ki/ (pah-KEE) or makí- /mɐ"ki/ (mah-KEE) is attached as a prefix to a verb. ngâ /ŋaʔ/ (ngah) is optionally added after verb to increase politeness.
thank you: salamat /sɐ"lamat/(sah-LAH-mat)
that one: iyan /ʔi"jan/ (ee-YAN)
how much?: magkano? /mɐg"kano/ (mag-KAH-noh?)
yes: oo /"oʔo/(O-awe) [o has neutral pronunciation]
no: hindî /hɪn"dɛʔ/ (hin-DEH)
sorry: pasensya pô /pɐ"sɛnʃa poʔ/ (pah-SEN-shah PO)
I don't understand: Hindî ko maintindihan /hin'di ko mɐʔɪn%tɪndi"han/ (hin-DEE koh ma-in-TIN-dih-HAN)
Where's the bathroom?: Nasaán ang banyo? /%nasɐʔan ʔaŋ "banjo/(NA-sa-AN ang BAN-yoh?)
generic toast: Mabuhay! /mɐ"buhaɪ/ (mah-BOO-high) [literally - "long live"]
Do you speak English? Marunong ka bang magsalitâ ng Ingglés? /mɐ"runɔŋ ka baŋ mɐgsali"ta naŋ ʔɪŋ"glɛs/ (mah-ROO-nohng kah bang mag-sah-li-TAH nahng eeng-GLESS?)

Taiwanese

The Han characters provided below are for reference only. They are not necessarily standard.

Taiwanese: 臺灣話 Tâi-oân-oē, Hō-ló-oē
hello: Chia̍h pá boeh? (literally, Have you eaten yet?)
goodbye: 平安 pêng-an (literally, Peace. Note this is primarily Christian usage.)
please: pài-thok
thank you: 多謝 To-siā
that one: 彼個 hit-ê
how much?: 若濟 goā choē?
yes: 是 sī
no: 唔是 m̄-sī
sorry: pháiⁿ-sè
I don't understand what is said: Goá thiaⁿ bô
where's the bathroom?: 便所佇叨 Piān-só· tī toh?
cheers!: Hō· ta lah! (literally, Let it [the cup/glass] be dry [empty]!)
do you speak English?: Lí kám kóng Eng-bûn?

Tamil (Dravidian)

Tamil: Tamizh /tamiɮ/
hello: Vanakkam /vanakːam/
good-bye: poit varen /poit varen/
please: dayavu koorndu /tajavu koːnʕtu/
thank you: nandri /nantʕi/
that one: adhu /a tʰu/
how much?: evvalavu /evːalavu/
English: aangilam /aːŋilam/
yes: aamam /aːmam/
no: illai /ilːaj/
generic toast: poriyal /porijal/

Telugu (Dravidian)

Telugu: Andhra Bhasha /andʰra bʰaʃa/
hello: namaskaaram /namaskaːram/
good-bye: Selavu /selavu/
please: Daya chesi /daja ʧesi/
thank you: Dhanyavadamulu /dʰanjavadamulu/
that one: mari ado /mari ado/
how much?: Enta /enta/
English: Aanglam /aːŋlam/
yes: Avunu /avunu/
no: Kaadu /kaːdu/
generic toast: Kakarakaaya vepudu /kakarakaːja vepudu/

Tok Pisin (Neo-Melanesian English creole)

Tok Pisin: Tok Pisin
hello: gut de
good-bye: gut bai
please: plis
thank you: tenkyu
that one: em
how much?: haumas
English: Inglis
yes: yes
no: nogat

Ukrainian (Slavic)

Note: adjectives have different forms when describing feminine, masculine or neuter nouns.

translation	phrase	IPA	pronunciation	literally
Ukrainian:	f: українська m: український n: українське	/uˌkraˈjinˌs^jke/ /uˌkraˈjinˌs^jkɪj/ /uˌkraˈjinˌs^jkɛ/	ooh-kra-YEEN-ska ooh-kra-YEEN-skiy ooh-kra-YEEN-ske
hello:	привіт	/prɪˈvit/	pri-VEET
good-bye:	до побачення	/do poˈbaˌtʃenˌn^ja/	doh po-BAH-chen-nyah	until seeing
please:	будь-ласка	/bud^j ˈlaˌska/	bood LA-ska	be kind
thank you:	дякую	/ˈdjaˌkuˌju/	DYA-koo-yoo
that one:	f: та m: той n: те	/ta/ /toj/ /te/	tah toy te
this one:	f: ця m: цей n: це	/c^ja/ /cej/ /ce/	tsyah tsey tse
how much?:	скільки	/ˈskil^jˌkɪ/	SKEEL-ki
English:	f: англійська m: англійський n: англійське	/anˈgl^jijˌs^jka/ /anˈgl^jijˌs^jkɪj/ /anˈgl^jijˌs^jkɛ/	ahn-GLEES-ka ahn-GLEES-kiy ahn-GLEES-ke
yes:	так	/tak/	tahk
no:	ні	/n^ji/	nee
I don't understand:	не розумію	/ne roˌzuˈmiˌju/	ne roh-zoo-MEE-yoo
where's the bathroom?:	де туалет?
generic toast:	за кохання	/za koˈxanˌn^ja/	za ko-KHAN-nyah	for loving
another toast:	на здоров’я!	/na zdoˈrovˌja/	nah zdo-ROV-yah!	to health
do you speak English?:	чи говорите англійською?

Vietnamese (Mon-Khmer)

Vietnamese: Tiếng Việt
hello: chào (á-lô /álo/ on the telephone)
good-bye: chào
please: xin /sin/
thank you: cám ơn
that one: đó
how much?: bao nhiêu
yes: vâng (northern), dạ (southern), có (when answering questions with "có" in them)
no: không /koN/
sorry: xin lỗi
I don't understand: Tôi không hiểu
where's the restroom?: Phòng cầu tiêu ở đâu?
Do you speak English? Ông biết nói tiếng Anh không? (Ông to a man, Bà to a woman, Con to a child)

Welsh (Celtic)

Welsh: Cymraeg /'kUmrajg/ KUHM-ryeg
hello: s'mae? /smaI/ s'my
good-bye: hwyl /'hu.il/ HOO-il
please: os gwelwch yn dda /os 'gwelu:x @n Da/ os GWELookh uhn thah
thank you: diolch /'di:.olx// DEE-olkh
that one: honno /hon'no/ (feminine); hwnnw /hu:n'nu:/ (masculine). hoNO, hooNOO
how much?: faint? /vaInt/ vigh-nt
English: Saesneg /'saIsneg/ SIGHS-neg
yes: ²ie /je/ yay
no: ³na /na:/ nah
generic toast: iechyd da /'jexId da:/ YEKH-id dah

Xhosa language (Nguni languages, Bantu)

Xhosa: isiXhosa /isiǁʰosa/ (ee see kho sa)
hello: Molo /molo/ (mow low)
good bye: sala kakuhle /salakakuɬe/ (sa la ka koo hlay)
please: enkosi /ŋkosi/ ('ng ko see)
thank you: enkosi kakhulu /ŋkosi kakʰulu/ ('ng ko see kuh coo loo)
that one: le, lo, olu, oku, yona, yena, etc. (depends on noun class)
English: isiNgesi /isiŋesi/ (ee seeng ay see)
yes: ewe /ewe/ (ay way)
no: hayi /haji/ (ha yee)

Yiddish (Germanic)

Yiddish: ייִדיש /ˈjidəʃ/ (yiddish)
hello: א גוטן טאָג /ʔa ˈɡʊtn̩ tɔg/ (ah gooten tawk) Literally: a good day
good-bye: זײַט געזונט /zajt ɡəˈzʊnt/ (zite gezoont) Literally: be healthy
please: איך בעט אײַך /ʔɪx bɛt ʔajx/ (ikh bet eye-kh)
thank you: א דאנק /ʔa daŋk/ (a dank)
that one: דאָס /dɔs/ (dos)
how much?: װיפל /vifl̩/ (veefle)
yes: יאָ /jɔ/ (yaw)
no: נײן /nejn/ (nayn)
sorry: זײַט מױכל /zajt mɔjxl̩/ (zite moykhle)
I don't understand: כ׳האָב ניט פארשטאנען /xhɔb nɪt faʀˈʃtanən/ ('kh hob nit farshtanen)
Where's the bathroom?: װ איז דער טואלעט /vo ʔɪz dɛʀ tuaˈlɛt/ (voe iz dair tooalet)
generic toast:לחיים /lɛˈxajəm/ (luh-khime)
Do you speak English?: צי רעט איר ענגליש /ʦɪ ʀɛt ʔɪʀ ˈʔɛngləʃ/ (tsi ret eer ehnglish)

Usage notes

¹No word directly corresponds to the word "please". Danish and Finnish express the concept of politeness in a request in various ways.

²This actually means "it is" and can only be used in an answer to a question with the verb "to be". Languages like Chinese, Irish, Scottish, Toki Pona, and Welsh do not have words for "yes" or "no". Instead you repeat the main verb of the question in your answer.

³This actually means "it is not". See note 2 above.

General

In many countries, the abbreviation W.C., for the British "Water Closet", may be used instead of the local word for "toilet(s)", "bathroom" or "restroom". In U.S. English "toilet" refers primarily to the fixture (the toilet itself) rather than the room which contains it. In German, "W.C." is pronounced with the German names of the letters, and the informal "Klo" for "Klosett" can refer to either the fixture or the room.

Common phrases in constructed languages
Numbers in various languages
Paschal greeting in various languages
"Where is the toilet?" on the Wiktionary

External links

This is an Article on Common phrases in various languages. Page Contains Information, Facts Details or Explanation Guide About Common phrases in various languages