Cell cycle Guide, Meaning , Facts, Information and Description

The cell cycle is the cycle of events in a eukaryotic cell from one cell division to the next. It consists of interphase, mitosis, and usually cell division.

Phases

Schematic of the cell cycle. I=Interphase, M=Mitosis.
The duration of mitosis in relation to the other phases has
been exaggerated in this diagram.

The phases of the cell cycle are:

• The G₀ phase is a period in the cell cycle where cells exist in a quiescent state.
• The G₁ phase is the first growth phase.
• S phase, during which the DNA is replicated, where S stands for the Synthesis of DNA.
• G₂ phase is the second growth phase, also the preparation phase for the
• M phase or mitosis and cytokinesis, the actual division of the cell into two daughter cells

Checkpoints can block progression through the phases of the cell cycle if certain conditions are not met. For instance, there is a checkpoint which monitors DNA replication and keeps cells from proceeding to mitosis before DNA replication is completed. Similarly, the spindle checkpoint blocks the transition from metaphase to anaphase within mitosis if not all chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle.

Some cells, such as neurons, never divide once they become locked in a G₀ phase.

Regulation of the cell cycle

The cell cycle is regulated by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases.

Leland H. Hartwell, R. Timothy Hunt, and Paul M. Nurse won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase, central molecules in the regulation of the cell cycle.

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